Portrait of a Lady with an Ostrich-Feather Fan

c. 1656/1658

Rembrandt van Rijn

Artist, Dutch, 1606 - 1669

A woman with pale skin, wearing a black dress and holding a full, billowing white ostrich feather, is shown from the hips up against a dark background in this vertical portrait painting. She has dark eyes, faint, arched brows, a slightly pink nose, and her pink lips are parted. Light falls from our left, creating shadows under the other cheekbone and along the side of her neck. Her shoulders are covered by a transparent, white, lace-edged wrap fastened with a bow. Her black dress also has wide, white cuffs, exposing a thick, possibly jeweled bracelet on each wrist. She wears two gold rings, one with a clear gem, perhaps a diamond, gold, dangling earrings, and a round pendant necklace. The lush white ostrich feather arches down from her right hand, held at her waist by her opposite hand, clasping that wrist.

Media Options

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There is little doubt that these two portraits by Rembrandt van Rijn (see also NGA 1942.9.67) were conceived as pendants, or companion pieces. In both, light illuminates the subjects from exactly the same angle. Unfortunately, the identity of the sitters remains a mystery. The man and woman interact with reserved yet poignant warmth; he gestures toward her while looking at the viewer, and she glances in his direction while holding her feather fan so that it inclines toward him. The woman’s hairstyle and costume, including the elegant yet restrained jewelry, are all datable to the 1650s. The translucent lace collar with the elaborate lower edge that covers her shoulders and continues horizontally across her body is of a type seen in a number of portraits from this period. Her plain white cuffs edged with lace are similar to those in Rembrandt’s painting of A Woman Holding a Pink dated 1656.

The early history of these paintings is shrouded in mystery, but by 1803 they had entered the collection of Prince Nicolai Yusupov (1751–1831) in Saint Petersburg. The first published descriptions of the pair, in 1864, already mention their "extraordinary energy," and the paintings made a tremendous impression at the great Rembrandt exhibition in Amsterdam in 1898. When Nicolai’s great-great-grandson, Prince Felix Yusupov (1887–1967), escaped Russia at the start of the Revolution in 1917, he brought the family jewels and these two Rembrandt paintings with him to London. Joseph E. Widener, the future benefactor of the National Gallery of Art, purchased the pair in 1921 when the Prince’s need for cash forced him to part with his family heirlooms.

On View

West Building Main Floor, Gallery 51


Artwork overview

  • Medium

    oil on canvas transferred to canvas

  • Credit Line

    Widener Collection

  • Dimensions

    overall: 99.5 × 83 cm (39 3/16 × 32 11/16 in.)
    framed: 132.08 × 115.25 × 13.97 cm (52 × 45 3/8 × 5 1/2 in.)

  • Accession

    1942.9.68

More About this Artwork


Artwork history & notes

Provenance

Possibly Gerard Hoet, Jr. [d. 1760], The Hague; possibly (sale, by Ottho Van Thol, Huibert Keetelaar, and Pierre Yver, The Hague, 25 August 1760, no. 50).[1] Prince Nicolai Borisovich Yusupov [1751-1831], Saint Petersburg and Moscow, by 1803;[2] by inheritance to his son, Prince Boris Nicolaiovich Yusupov [1794-1849], Moscow and Saint Petersburg; by inheritance to his son, Prince Nicolai Borisovich Yusupov [1827-1891], Saint Petersburg; by inheritance to his daughter, Princess Zinaida [Zenaida] Nikolaievna Yusupova [1861-1939], Saint Petersburg, Yalta, and London;[3] sold 1921 by her son and heir, Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov [1887-1967],[4] to Joseph E. Widener; inheritance from Estate of Peter A. B. Widener by gift through power of appointment of Joseph E. Widener, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, after purchase by funds of the Estate; gift 1942 to NGA.
[1] Gerard Hoet, Catalogus of Naamlyst van Schilderijen..., 2 vols., The Hague, 1752, supplement by Pieter Terwesten, 1770, reprint ed. Soest, 1976, 3: 225, no. 50. The painting is listed as: "Een dito Vrouws-Pourtrait: de weergaa, door denzelven; van de eige groote."
[2] On the formation and history of the Yusupov collection see: Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, A Scholar's Whim: Collection of Prince Nicolai Borisovich Yusupov, 2 vols., Moscow, 2001; Oleg Yakovlevich Neverov, Great Private Collections of Imperial Russia, New York and St. Petersburg, 2004: 89-102; State Hermitage Museum, Collectors in St. Petersburg, exh. cat., Hermitage Amsterdam, Zwolle, 2006: 23, 37-47. The German traveller Heinrich Christoph von Reimers (1768-1812) visited the collection in 1803 when it was housed in the family's palace on the Fontanka River in Saint Petersburg; his description of it, published in 1805, mentions the Gallery's painting, and its pendant NGA 1942.9.67. See Heinrich Christoph von Reimers, St. Petersburg, am Ende seines Ersten Jahrhunderts, 2 vols., Saint Petersburg, 1805: 2:373.
The spelling of the family name takes a variety of forms in the literature, reflecting different transliterations of the Cyrillic letters; among them are: Youssoupoff, Yussupov, Jussupov, and Yussupoff.
[3] The princess was the wife of Felix Felixovich, count Sumarokov-Elston (1856-1928), but she was the last surviving representative of the Yusupov family, and her husband was given the right to take his wife's surname and title. The Yusupov art collection, however, was hers, and, after the death in 1908 of her first son, Nicolai, the heir to it became her second son, Felix.
[4] The Yusupov collection, including the two portraits by Rembrandt, was moved in 1811 from Saint Petersburg to the family's Arkhangelskoye estate near Moscow, where it survived Napoleon's invasion of Russia during 1812, and was returned again to Saint Petersburg in 1837 to a new family palace on the Moika River. It remained there until sometime after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when much of the collection was seized by the Bolshevik government. The two Rembrandt paintings, however, were smuggled out of the Moika Palace.at some point prior to April 1919, when Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, his wife and parents, and other members of the Russian nobility left Yalta aboard a British ship. The paintings were taken by the prince to London, where negotiations for their sale began.

Associated Names

Exhibition History

1898

  • Rembrandt: Schilderijen Bijeengebracht ter Gelegenheid van de Inhuldiging van Hare Majesteit Koningin Wilhelmina, Stedelij Museum, Amsterdam, 1898, no. 111.

1909

  • Les anciennes Ecoles de Peinture dans les Palais et Collections privées Russes, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 1909, no. 282.

1969

  • Rembrandt in the National Gallery of Art [Commemorating the Tercentenary of the Artist's Death], National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1969, no. 15, 25, repro.

1997

  • Rembrandt and the Golden Age: Dutch Paintings from the National Gallery of Art, The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, 1997, unnumbered brochure, repro.

2001

  • A Scholar's Whim: The Collection of Prince Nicolai Borisovich Yusupov, Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow; State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, 2001-2002, no. 121, repro. (shown only in Moscow).

2014

  • Rembrandt: The Late Works, National Gallery, London; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 2014-2015, no. 38, repro.

2019

  • Rembrandt y el retratro en Amsterdam, 1590-1670 [Rembrandt and Amsterdam portraiture, 1590-1670], Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, 2020, no. 85, repro.

Bibliography

1805

  • Reimers, Heinrich Christoph von. St. Petersburg am Ende seines ersten Jahrhunderts. 2 vols. Saint Petersburg, 1805: 2:373.

1827

  • Galérie d’Archangelski. 5 vols. Arkhangelskoye State Museum & Estate, Krasnogorsk District, Moscow Oblast. Yusupov Family Archives, manuscript inv. 1014-GF. Moscow, 1827: 1:185, no. 3, in the Salon des Antiqués.

1828

  • Le Cointe de Laveau [Lecointe de Laveau], G. "Description d'Arckhangelsky [Arkhangelsky]." Bulletin du Nord 3 (March 1828): 284.

1835

  • Le Cointe de Laveau [Lecointe de Laveau], G. Description de Moscou: contenant tout ce que cette capitale offre de curieux et d'intéressant. 2 vols. Moscow, 1835: 2:282.

1839

  • Musée du Prince Youssoupoff: contenant les tableaux, marbres, ivoires et porcelaines qui se trouvent dans l'hôtel de son excellence à Saint Pétersbourg. Saint Petersburg, 1839: 43, no. 204.

1864

  • Waagen, Gustav Friedrich. Die Gemäldesammlung in der kaiserlichen Ermitage zu St. Petersburg nebst Bemerkungen über andere dortige Kunstsammlungen. Munich, 1864: 414.

1883

  • Bode, Wilhelm von. Studien zur Geschichte der holländischen Malerei. Braunschweig, 1883: 530, 604, no. 358.

1885

  • Dutuit, Eugène. Tableaux et dessins de Rembrandt: catalogue historique et descriptif; supplément à l'Oeuvre complet de Rembrandt. Paris, 1885: 54.

1893

  • Michel, Émile. Rembrandt: Sa vie, son oeuvre et son temps. Paris, 1893: 567.

1894

  • Michel, Émile. Rembrandt: His Life, His Work, and His Time. 2 vols. Translated by Florence Simmonds. New York, 1894: 2:246.

1897

  • Bode, Wilhelm von, and Cornelis Hofstede de Groot. The Complete Work of Rembrandt. 8 vols. Translated by Florence Simmonds. Paris, 1897-1906: 7:4, 42, no. 490, repro.

1898

  • Stedelijk Museum. Rembrandt: Schilderijen bijeengebracht ter gelegenheid van de inhuldiging van Hare Majesteit Koningin Wilhelmina. Exh. cat. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1898: no. 111.

1899

  • Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis. "Die Rembrandt-Ausstellungen zu Amsterdam (September–October 1898) und zu London (January–March 1899)." Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft 22 (1899): 159-166, no. 35, repro.

  • Bell, Malcolm. Rembrandt van Rijn and His Work. London, 1899: 84, 182.

1904

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. Rembrandt: des Meisters Gemälde. Klassiker der Kunst in Gesamtausgaben 2. Stuttgart, 1904: 232, repro.

1906

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. Rembrandt, des Meisters Gemälde. Klassiker der Kunst in Gesamtausgaben 2. 2nd ed. Stuttgart, 1906: repro. 347.

1907

  • Brown, Gerard Baldwin. Rembrandt: A Study of His Life and Work. London, 1907: 261.

  • Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis. A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century. 8 vols. Translated by Edward G. Hawke. London, 1907-1927: 6(1916):403, no. 880.

  • Bell, Malcolm. Rembrandt van Rijn. The great masters in painting and sculpture. London, 1907: 81, 152.

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. The Work of Rembrandt, reproduced in over five hundred illustrations. Classics in Art 2. New York, 1907: 347, repro.

  • Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis. Beschreibendes und kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke der hervorragendsten holländischen Maler des XVII. Jahrhunderts. 10 vols. Esslingen and Paris, 1907-1928: 6(1915):364, no. 880.

1908

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. Rembrandt, des Meisters Gemälde. Klassiker der Kunst in Gesamtausgaben 2. 3rd ed. Stuttgart and Berlin, 1908: repro. 485.

1909

  • Troubnikoff, A. "Art in Russia." The Burlington Magazine 14 (February 1909): 320, 325.

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. Rembrandt: Des Meisters Gemälde. Edited by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Klassiker der Kunst in Gesamtausgaben 2. Stuttgart and Leipzig, 1909: repro. 483.

1910

  • Weiner, Pierre Paul von, et al. Les Anciennes ecoles de peinture dans les palais et collections privées Russes. Brussels, 1910: 83, repro.

1911

  • Fry, Roger. "Review and Notices." _The Burlington Magazine_19 (September 1911): 353-354.

1913

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. The Work of Rembrandt, reproduced in over five hundred illustrations. Classics in Art 2. Edited by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. 2nd ed. New York, 1913: repro. 484.

1920

  • Katalog khudozhestvennykh proizvedenii byvshei IUsupovskoi gallerei [Yusupov Collection]. Petrograd, 1920.

1921

  • "Great Rembrandt Mystery Is Solved." American Art News 20 (17 December 1921): 1.

  • "Mr. Widener’s Newly Acquired Rembrandts Enrich America’s Art." American Art News 20 (29 October 1921): 6, repro.

  • "Rembrandt Works Present a Mystery." _American Art News _ 20 (December 1921): 4.

  • Fry, Roger. "Two Rembrandt Portraits." The Burlington Magazine 38, no. 218 (May 1921): 210, pl. 2.

  • Rosenberg, Adolf. The Work of Rembrandt. Edited by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Classics in Art 2. 3rd ed. New York, 1921: 484, repro.

1922

  • Neumann, Carl. Rembrandt. (1902). 2 vols. Munich, 1922: 1: 257, n.1.

1923

  • Van Dyke, John C. Rembrandt and His School. New York, 1923: 173, repro. pl. 44, no. 174.

  • Meldrum, David S. Rembrandt’s Painting, with an Essay on His Life and Work. New York, 1923: 139, 200, pl. 367.

  • Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1923: unpaginated, repro.

1924

  • Van Dyke, John C. "Rembrandt Problems." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 45, no. 257 (August 1924): 101-102.

1926

  • Weisbach, Werner. Rembrandt. Berlin, 1926: 543-545, fig. 178.

1928

  • Glück, Gustav. "Rembrandts Selbstbildnis aus dem Jahre 1652." Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien 2 (1928): 317-328.

1930

  • Valentiner, Wilhelm R. "Important Rembrandts in American Collections." Art News 28, no. 30 (26 April 1930): 3-4, repro.

1931

  • Valentiner, Wilhelm R. Rembrandt Paintings in America. New York, 1931: intro., pl. 172.

  • Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1931: 76-77, repro.

1932

  • Hind, Arthur M. Rembrandt: Being the Substance of the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures Delivered before Harvard University 1930–1931. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1932: 91, pl. 67.

1935

  • Bredius, Abraham. Rembrandt Schilderijen, 630 Afbeeldingen. Utrecht, 1935: no. 402, repro.

  • Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europäischer Malerei in Amerika. Vienna, 1935: 175, 321, no. 175, repro., as Magdalena van Loo.

  • Bredius, Abraham. Rembrandt Gemälde, 630 Abbildungen. Vienna, 1935: no. 402, repro.

1936

  • Holmes, Charles John. Self and Partners (Mostly Self): Being the Reminiscences of C. J. Holmes. New York, 1936: 376.

  • Bredius, Abraham. The Paintings of Rembrandt. New York, 1936: no. 402, repro.

1938

  • Waldmann, Emil. "Die Sammlung Widener." Pantheon 22 (November 1938): repro. 339.

1939

  • Tietze, Hans. Masterpieces of European Painting in America. New York, 1939: no. 175, repro., as Magdalena van Loo.

1940

  • Widener, Peter A.B. Without Drums. New York, 1940: 60-64.

1942

  • National Gallery of Art. Works of art from the Widener collection. Washington, 1942: 6, no. 664.

  • Bredius, Abraham. The Paintings of Rembrandt. 2 vols. Translated by John Byam Shaw. Oxford, 1942: 1:23, no. 402; 2:repro.

1948

  • Rosenberg, Jakob. Rembrandt. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA, 1948: 1:47-48; 2:fig. 72.

  • National Gallery of Art. Paintings and Sculpture from the Widener Collection. Washington, 1948: 49, repro.

1952

  • Behrman, Samuel N. Duveen. New York, 1952: 17-24.

  • Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1952: 98-99, color repro.

1956

  • Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1956: 42, repro.

1957

  • Shapley, Fern Rusk. Comparisons in Art: A Companion to the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. London, 1957 (reprinted 1959): pl. 76.

1959

  • National Gallery of Art. Paintings and Sculpture from the Widener Collection. Reprint. Washington, DC, 1959: 49, repro.

1960

  • The National Gallery of Art and Its Collections. Foreword by Perry B. Cott and notes by Otto Stelzer. National Gallery of Art, Washington (undated, 1960s): 25, color repro. 14 and on cover.

1962

  • Boeck, Wilhelm. Rembrandt. Stuttgart, 1962: 88.

1963

  • Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 314, repro.

1964

  • Rosenberg, Jakob. Rembrandt: Life and Work. Revised ed. Greenwich, Connecticut, 1964: 82-83, fig. 72.

1965

  • National Gallery of Art. Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. Washington, 1965: 111.

1966

  • Bauch, Kurt. Rembrandt Gemälde. Berlin, 1966: 26, no. 528, repro.

  • Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds.A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 1: 236, color repro.

1968

  • Gerson, Horst. Rembrandt Paintings. Amsterdam, 1968: color repro. 159, 450, 504, no. 412.

  • National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 97, repro.

  • Gandolfo, Giampaolo et al. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Great Museums of the World. New York, 1968: 136-137, color repro.

1969

  • Haak, Bob. Rembrandt: His Life, His Work, His Time. Translated by Elizabeth Willems-Treeman. New York, 1969: 293-295, repro., 489-490, color repro., 490a & b (details).

  • Kitson, Michael. Rembrandt. London, 1969: color repro. 44, 89, no. 44.

  • Bredius, Abraham. Rembrandt: The Complete Edition of the Paintings. Revised by Horst Gerson. 3rd ed. London, 1969: repro. 313, 582, no. 402.

  • National Gallery of Art. Rembrandt in the National Gallery of Art: Commemorating the tercentenary of the artist's death. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1969: 25, no. 15.

1972

  • Behrman, Samuel N. Duveen. 2nd ed. London, 1972: 16-22, repro.

1975

  • Wright, Christopher. Rembrandt and His Art. London and New York, 1975: 119-122, pl. 100.

  • National Gallery of Art. European paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. Washington, 1975: 288, repro.

1977

  • Bolten, J., and H. Bolten-Rempt. The Hidden Rembrandt. Translated by Danielle Adkinson. Milan and Chicago, 1977: repro. 166, color detail 167, 168, repro. 203, no. 564.

1979

  • Watson, Ross. The National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1979: 70-71, pl. 56.

1982

  • Kitson, Michael. Rembrandt. 2nd ed. Oxford, 1982: no. 46, color repro.

1983

  • Eeghen, I. H. van. "De familie Trip en het Trippenhuis" in Het Trippenhuis te Amsterdam. Edited by R. Meischke and H.E. Reese. Amsterdam 1983: 27-126, repro. 26.

1984

  • Schwartz, Gary. Rembrandt: Zijn leven, zijn schilderijen. Maarssen, 1984: 344-345, no. 407, repro.

  • Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 276, no. 359, color repro.

1985

  • National Gallery of Art. European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. Washington, 1985: 333, repro.

  • Schwartz, Gary. Rembrandt: His Life, His Paintings. New York, 1985: 344-345, no. 407, repro.

1986

  • Guillaud, Jacqueline, and Maurice Guillaud. Rembrandt: das Bild des Menschen. Translated by Renate Renner. Stuttgart, 1986: 377, nos. 429-430, color repro.

  • Sutton, Peter C. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Washington and Grand Rapids, 1986: 314.

  • Tümpel, Christian. Rembrandt. Translated by Jacques and Jean Duvernet, Léon Karlson, and Patrick Grilli. Paris, 1986: repro. 329, 416, no. 250.

  • Guillaud, Jacqueline, and Maurice Guillaud. Rembrandt, the human form and spirit. Translated by Suzanne Boorsch et al. New York, 1986: no. nos. 429-430, color repro.

1990

  • Liedtke, Walter A. "Dutch Paintings in America: The Collectors and their Ideals." In Great Dutch Paintings from America. Edited by Ben P.J. Broos. Exh. cat. Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis, The Hague; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. The Hague and Zwolle, 1990: 43, 58 n. 132.

1991

  • Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 199, color repro.

1995

  • Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, 1995: 252-261, color repro. 255.

1996

  • Davis, Marian L. Visual Design in Dress. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996: 51, repro.

1997

  • Mittler, Gene A., and Rosalind Ragans. Understanding Art. New York, 1997: 182, fig.12-6.

  • Neverov, Oleg, and Mikhail Piotrovsky. The Hermitage: Essays on the History of the Collection, Saint Petersburg, 1997: 169, repro.

2000

  • Wright, Christopher. Rembrandt. Collection Les Phares 10. Translated by Paul Alexandre. Paris, 2000: 234, fig. 226.

2001

  • Southgate, M. Therese. The Art of JAMA II: Covers and Essays from The Journal of the American Medical Association. Chicago, 2001: 96-97, color repro.

  • Savinskaya, Liubov. A Scholar's Whim: The Collection of Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov. 2 vols. Exh. cat. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, 2001: no. 121, repro.

2002

  • Quodbach, Esmée. "The Last of the American Versailles: The Widener Collection at Lynnewood Hall." Simiolus 29, no. 1/2 (2002): 84-85, 96.

2004

  • Neverov, Oleg Yakovlevich. Great Private Collections of Imperial Russia. New York and Saint Petersburg, 2004: 102.

  • Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 202, no. 159, color repro.

  • Scallen, Catherine. Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship. Amsterdam, 2004: 136, fig. 28.

2006

  • Deryabina, Ekaterina. "The Yusupovs as Collectors." in Collectors in St. Petersburg. Edited by Sergej O. Androsov and Vincent Boele. Exh. cat. Hermitage Amsterdam. Zwolle, 2006: 46.

2011

  • Keyes, George S., Tom Rassieur, and Dennis P. Weller. Rembrandt in America: collecting and connoisseurship. Exh. cat. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh; Cleveland Museum of Art; Minneapolis Institute of Arts. New York, 2011: 134-135, fig. 70.

2014

  • Bikker, Jonathan, and Gregor J.M. Weber. Rembrandt: The Late Works. Exh. cat. National Gallery, London; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. London, 2014: no. 38, repro. (detail) 98, repro. 103, 104-105, 296.

  • Wieseman, M.E., Jonathan Bikker, et al. Rembrandt: The Late Works, Supplement with Provenance, Selected Literature and Bibliography. Online supplement to Exh. cat. National Gallery London; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. London, 2014, https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/media/25834/rembrandt-supplement.pdf: 9.

Wikidata ID

Q20177427


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