National Gallery of Art :: The Collection :: Woman Holding a Balance

Overview

A woman dressed in a blue jacket with fur trim stands alone before a table in a corner of a room. She holds a balance in her right hand and with lowered eyes waits for it to come to rest. Behind her, on the back wall of the room, is a large painting of The Last Judgment framed in black. On the side wall is a mirror. A blue cloth, some open boxes, two strands of pearls, and a gold chain lie on the table. A soft light, which passes through a window and its orange–yellow curtain, illuminates the scene. While the woman is psychologically removed from us, her graceful figure and serene face suggest an inner peace that one often experiences at unexpected and fleeting moments in one's life.

Woman Holding a Balance is an allegorical scene that urges us to conduct our lives with temperance and moderation. The painting within the painting offers an important clue in that Christ's Last Judgment is echoed by the woman's own actions. Before her are earthly treasures; behind her is the symbol of the eternal consequences of her actions here on earth. In waiting for the balance to rest at equilibrium she acknowledges the importance of judgment in weighing her own actions in anticipation of the life to come.

Inscription

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Marks and Labels

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Provenance

Possibly Pieter Claesz van Ruijven [1624-1674], Delft; possibly by inheritance to his wife, Maria de Knuijt [d. 1681], Delft; possibly by inheritance to her daughter, Magdalena van Ruijven [1655-1682], Delft; possibly by inheritance to her husband, Jacobus Abrahamsz. Dissius [1653-1695], Delft;[1] (his sale, Amsterdam, 16 May 1696, no. 1);[2] Isaac Rooleeuw [c. 1650-1710], Amsterdam; (his bankruptcy sale, Amsterdam, 20 April 1701, no. 6); Paolo van Uchelen [c. 1641-1702], Amsterdam; by inheritance 1703 to his son, Paolo van Uchelen the Younger [1673-1754], Amsterdam; by inheritance to his daughter, Anna Gertruijda van Uchelen [1705-1766], Amsterdam; (her estate sale, B. Tideman, Amsterdam, 18 March 1767, no. 6); Kok.[3] Nicolaas Nieuhoff [1733-1776], Amsterdam; (his estate sale, Arnoldus Dankmeyer, Amsterdam,14 April 1777 and days following, no. 116); Van den Bogaard.[4] Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria [1756-1825]; (his estate sale, Munich, 5 December 1826, no. 101, as by Gabriel Metsu); Louis Charles Victor de Riquet, duc de Caraman [1762-1839], Paris; (his sale, Salle Lebrun by Lacoste, Paris, 10-12 May 1830, no. 68). Casimir Pierre Péreir [1777-1832], Paris; his heirs; (his estate sale, Christie & Manson, London, 5 May 1848, no. 7);[5] purchased by Péreir's son, probably Auguste C.V.L. Périer, later Casimir-Périer [1811-1876];[6] probably by inheritance to Auguste's daughter, Marie Thérèse Henriette Jeanne, comtesse de Ségur [1844-1916, née Périer];[7] purchased 1910 by (P. & D. Colnaghi & Co., London); one-quarter share purchased October 1910 by (M. Knoedler & Co., New York); sold 11 January 1911 to Peter A. B. Widener, Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania;[8] inheritance from Estate of Peter A. B. Widener by gift through power of appointment of Joseph E. Widener, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania; gift 1942 to NGA.

[1] The 1683 inventory of goods accruing to Jacob Dissius after the death of his wife, Magdalena van Ruyven, lists twenty paintings by Vermeer. For the complete transactions between her husband, Jacob Dissius, and his father, Abraham Dissius, following her death, see John Michael Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History, Princeton, 1989: 246-257, 359-361, docs. 417, 420.

[2] For this sale see John Michael Montias, Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History, Princeton, 1989: 363-364, doc. 439.

[3] The archival sources in the Gemeentearchief, Amsterdam, for the painting’s provenance from Rooleeuw through the Van Uchelen family are detailed in Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr., and B.P.J. Broos, Johannes Vermeer, exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Koninklijk Kabinet van Schilderijen Mauritshuis, The Hague, New Haven and London, 1995: no. 10, 143, 145 nn. 19-22.

[4] The 1995 systematic catalogue of Dutch paintings in the NGA published the following information at this point in the provenance: "PP. [initials of consignor]; (sale, Ph. van der Schley, Amsterdam, 11 May 1801, no. 48); bought for Ph. van der Schley by M[errem]." This had been provided by The Getty Provenance Index, but was in error. The painting in the 1801 sale was one of the same subject by Pieter de Hooch, now in Berlin, according to a letter dated 27 October 1997 from Burton Fredericksen, then director of the Getty Provenance Index, Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr., in NGA curatorial files.

[5] The 1848 sale catalogue says the painting came “from the Delapeyriere collection,” but this information is not correct. This collection is probably that of Augustin Lapeyrière (1779-1831), who owned at least two Vermeers, but neither was the Gallery’s painting.

[6] Théophile E. J. Thoré (William Bürger), "Van der Meer de Delft," Gazette des Beaux-Arts 21 (October-December 1866): 555-556.

[7] Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, "A Newly Discovered Picture by Vermeer of Delft," The Burlington Magazine 18 (December 1910): 133-134. The author incorrectly identifies the comtesse de Ségur as the sister of Casimir Périer.

[8] See letter dated 18 May 1995, from Melissa De Medeiros, Knoedler librarian, in NGA curatorial files.

Exhibition History

1912
Exhibition of Old Masters for the Benefit of The Artists' Funds and Artists' Aid Societies, M. Knoedler & Co., New York, 1912, no. 49.
1925
A Loan Exhibition of Dutch Paintings, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1925, no. 33, repro.
1933
A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, Art Institute of Chicago, 1933, no. 80.
1984
Masters of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting, Philadelphia Museum of Art; Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin; Royal Academy of Arts, London, 1984, no. 118.
1995
Dutch Cabinet Galleries, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1995-1996, no cat.
1995
Johannes Vermeer, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Royal Cabinet of Paintings Mauritshuis, The Hague, 1995-1996, no. 10, repro.
1998
A Collector's Cabinet, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1998, no. 61, fig. 14.
1999
Johannes Vermeer: The Art of Painting, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1999-2000, brochure, fig. 9.
2000
The Public and the Private in the Age of Vermeer, Osaka Municipal Museum of Art, 2000, no. 33, repro.
2001
Vermeer and the Delft School, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; The National Gallery, London, 2001, no. 73, repro., as Woman with a Balance.
2011
Vermeer in München. König Maximilian I. Joseph von Bayern as Sammler Alter Meister [Vermeer in Munich - King Max I Joseph of Bavaria as a Collector of Old Masters], Bayerisches Staatsgemäldesammlungen - Alte Pinakothek, Munich, 2011, no. 1, repro.
2012
Masterpiece of the Month, Detroit Institute of Arts, 2012, no catalogue.

Bibliography

1866
Thoré, Théophile E. J. (William Bürger). "Van der Meer de Delft." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 21 (October-December 1866): 297-330, 458-470, 542-575, no. 26/27.
1888
Havard, Henry. Van der Meer de Delft. Paris, 1888: 37, no. 30.
1907
Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis. A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century.... 8 vols., translated from the German edition. London, 1907-1917: 1(1907):586-587, no. 10.
1910
Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis. "A Newly Discovered Picture by Vermeer of Delft." The Burlington Magazine 18 (December 1910): 133-134.
1911
Bode, Wilhelm von. "Jan Vermeer und Pieter de Hooch als Konkurrenten." Jahrbuch der königlich preussischen Kunstsammlungen 32 (1911): 1-2, repro.
1911
Plietzsch, Eduard. Vermeer van Delft. Leipzig, 1911: 49-50, 98, 119, no. 35.
1912
Frimmel, Theodor von. "A Woman Weighing Pearls by Vermeer of Delft." The Burlington Magazine 22 (October 1912): 48-49.
1913
Hale, Philip L. Jan Vermeer of Delft. Boston, 1913: 238, no. 1, 265-267, 350-351, 369, 373, repro.
1913
Hofstede de Groot, Cornelis, and Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Pictures in the Collection of P.A.B. Widener at Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania: Early German, Dutch, and Flemish Schools. Philadelphia, 1913: unpaginated, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold
1919
Bode, Wilhelm von. Die Meister der holländischen und vlämischen Malerschulen. 2nd ed. Leipzig, 1919: 86-89, repro.
1921
Vanzype, Gustave. Jan Vermeer de Delft. Brussels and Paris, 1921: 73, repro.
1923
Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1923: unpaginated, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1924
Hausenstein, Wilhelm. "Vermeer van Delft." Das Bild Atlanten zur Kunst 10 (1924): fig. 17, 26, no. 17.
1925
Lloyd, David. "The Vermeers in America." International Studio 82 (November 1925): 123-128, repro.
1929
Lucas, Edward Verrall. Vermeer the Magical. London, 1929: 28-29, repro.
1931
Paintings in the Collection of Joseph Widener at Lynnewood Hall. Intro. by Wilhelm R. Valentiner. Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1931: 50, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1935
Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europäischer Malerei in Amerika. Vienna, 1935: 197, repro. (English ed., Masterpieces of European Painting in America. New York, 1939: 187, repro. ).
1937
Hale, Philip L. Vermeer. Boston and New York, 1937: 140-142, pl. 27.
1938
Rudolph, Herbert. "'Vanitas.' Die Bedeutung mittelalterlicher und humanistischer Bildinhalte in der niederländischen Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts." In Festschrift für Wilhelm Pinder zum sechzigsten Geburtstage. Leipzig, 1938: 405-433, repro. no. 2.
1939
Plietzsch, Eduard. Vermeer van Delft. Munich, 1939: 31, 58, no. 9, repro. no. 36. (also 1948 English ed.).
1939
Vries, Ary Bob de. Jan Vermeer van Delft. Amsterdam, 1939: 46, 58, 76, 86-87, no. 23, repro. no. 48 (also English ed., rev. ed., London, New York, Toronto and Sydney, 1948: 39, 87-88, pl. 17).
1940
Goldscheider, Ludwig. The Paintings of Jan Vermeer. Oxford and New York, 1940: 13, pl. 33.
1942
Works of Art from the Widener Collection. Foreword by David Finley and John Walker. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1942: 7, as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1944
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Masterpieces of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1944: 104, color repro., as Woman Weighing Gold.
1946
Blum, André. Vermeer et Thoré-Bürger. Geneva, 1946: 30, 42, 60, 135, 171-172, no. 27.
1948
Paintings and Sculpture from the Widener Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1948 (reprinted 1959): 65, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1949
Thienen, Frithjof van. Jan Vermeer of Delft. New York, 1949: 19, 23, no. 23, repro.
1950
Swillens, P. T. A. Johannes Vermeer: Painter of Delft, 1632-1675. Utrecht, 1950: 57-58, no. 20, 72, 78, 84, 86, 88, 105, 118, pl. 20.
1951
Whittet, George Sorley. "A Gallery of Art Dealers: P. & D. Colnaghi." The Studio 142, no. 703 (October 1951): 118, repro.
1952
Gowing, Lawrence. Vermeer. London, 1952: 44, 53, 135-136, pls. 44-46 (also 2nd ed., New York, 1970).
1952
Malraux, André, ed. Vermeer de Delft. Paris, 1952: 16, repro., 62, no. xii, color repro.
1954
Bloch, Vitale. Tutta la Pittura di Vermeer di Delft. Milan, 1954: 21, 33, pl. 38-39 (also 1963 English ed., transl. Michael Kitson, All the Paintings of Jan Vermeer, New York, 1963: 20-21, 33, pl. 38-39).
1956
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1956: 44, color repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1957
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Comparisons in Art: A Companion to the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. London, 1957 (reprinted 1959): pl. 53, as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1958
Goldscheider, Ludwig. Jan Vermeer: The Paintings. London, 1958: 22, 138, no. 21, pl. 51, color pl. 52 (also 1967 ed.).
1960
Baird, Thomas P. Dutch Painting in the National Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C., 1960 (Booklet Number Seven in Ten Schools of Painting in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.): 36, color repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1960
The National Gallery of Art and Its Collections. Foreword by Perry B. Cott and notes by Otto Stelzer. National Gallery of Art, Washington (undated, 1960s): 26, color repro. 14, as Woman Weighing Gold.
1961
Mirimonde, Albert P. de. "Les Sujets musicaux chez Vermeer de Delft." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 57 (January 1961): 29-52.
1963
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 100, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 135, as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1966
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 2:256, color repro., as Woman Weighing Gold.
1966
Descargues, Pierre. Vermeer. Translated by James Emmons. Geneva, 1966: 93, 131, color repros. 87, 92.
1966
Rosenberg, Jakob, Seymour Slive, and E. H. ter Kuile. Dutch Art and Architecture: 1600-1800. Batlimore, 1966: 121-122, pl. 91b (Rev ed., London, 1984).
1967
Bianconi, Piero. The Complete Paintings of Vermeer. New York, 1967: 92, no. 24, color pl. xix.
1967
Koningsberger, Hans. The World of Vermeer 1632-1675. New York, 1967: 148, 152, 153, color repro.
1968
European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1968: 122, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1968
Kühn, Hermann. "A Study of the Pigments and the Grounds Used by Jan Vermeer." Studies in the History of Art (1968-69): 159, 170, 176, 191-192, fig. 9a.
1970
Walicki, Michal. Jan Vermeer van Delft. Dresden, 1970: 32-37, repro.
1971
Carstensen, Richard, and Marielene Putscher. "Ein Bild von Vermeer in medizinhistorischen Sicht." Deutsches Ärzteblatt-Ärtzliche Mitteilungen 68 (December 1971): 1-6.
1973
Mistler, Jean. Vermeer. Paris, 1973: unpaginated, repro. 19.
1973
Sonnenburg, Hubert von. "Technical Comments." Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 31 (Summer 1973): unpaginated.
1973
Walsh, John, Jr. "Vermeer." Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 31 (Summer 1973): unpaginated, color repro. 75.
1974
Grimme, Ernst Günther. Jan Vermeer van Delft. Cologne, 1974: 54, cat. 17, repros. 11, 12.
1975
Blankert, Albert, contr. by Rob Ruurs and Willem van de Watering. Johannes Vermeer van Delft, 1632-1675. Utrecht and Antwerp, 1975: 62-64, 82, 149-150, no. 15, color repro. (English ed.,Oxford,1978: 22, 41-44, 49, 54, 67, 161-162, no. 15, colorpl. 15).
1975
Dudok van Heel, S. A. C. "De Kunstverzamelingen van Lennep met de Arundeltekeningen." Amstelodamum 67 (1975): 137-173.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 362, repro., as A Woman Weighing Gold.
1976
Alpers, Svetlana. "Describe or Narrate? A Problem in Realistic Representation." New Literary History 8, no. 1 (Autumn 1976): 15-41.
1976
Harbison, Craig. "Reformation Iconography: Problems and Attitudes." Print Review (Tribute to Wolfgang Stechow, Walter L. Strauss, ed.) 5 (Spring 1976): 83, 86-87, fig. 8.
1976
Wright, Christopher. Vermeer. London, 1976: 13-14, 74, 76, 78, 81, fig. 25.
1977
Menzel, Gerhard W. Vermeer. Leipzig, 1977: 48, 56-57, color repro., detail.
1977
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. "Review of Albert Blankert's Johannes Vermeer van Delft, 1632-1675." The Art Bulletin 59, no. 3 (September 1977): 439-441.
1978
Picture Gallery Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin: Catalogue of Paintings 13th-18th Century. Translated by Linda B. Parshall. 2nd rev. ed. Berlin-Dahlem, 1978: 212.
1979
Snow, Edward A. A Study of Vermeer. Berkeley, 1979: 10, 34-36, 38, 44, 60, 62, 97, 126, 132-136, 138, 174-176, color repro. Fig. 13, color details figs. 26, 51, 52.
1979
Watson, Ross. National Gallery of Art. London, 1979: 75, pl. 61, color repro.
1980
Reuterswärd, Patrik. "Om realismen i holländsk bildtradition." Konsthistorisk tidskrift 49 (June 1980): 1-16, repro.
1980
Seth, Lennart. "Vermeer och van Veens 'Amorum Emblemata.'" Konsthistorisk tidskrift 49, no. 1 (June 1980): 17-40.
1980
Sutton, Peter C. Pieter de Hooch: Complete Edition with a Catalogue Raisonné. Oxford, 1980: 45, 68 note 37, fig. 32.
1981
Slatkes, Leonard J. Vermeer and His Contemporaries. New York, 1981: 55-56, color repro., color detail.
1981
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Jan Vermeer. New York, 1981: 41, 42, 106-109, color repro., color detail (2nd rev. ed., 1988: 82, color repro.).
1983
Salomon, Nanette. "Vermeer and the Balance of Destiny." In Essays in Northern European Art Presented to Egbert Haverkamp Begemann on His Sixtieth Birthday. Anne-Marie Logan, ed. Doornspijk, 1983: 216-221, repro.
1984
Gaskell, Ivan. "Vermeer, Judgment and Truth." The Burlington Magazine 126 (September 1984): 557-561, repro.
1984
Philadelphia 1984, no. 118.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 301, no. 400, color repro.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 421, repro.
1986
Aillaud, Gilles, Albert Blankert, and John Michael Montias. Vermeer. Paris, 1986: 49, 51, 112, 114, 116, 183-185, repro. xv (also 1988 English ed., New York).
1986
Sutton, Peter C. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Grand Rapids and Kampen, 1986: 311, repro.
1988
Bialostocki, Jan. "Mere Imitation of Nature or Symbolic Image of the World? Problems in the Interpretation of Dutch Painting of the XVIIth Century." In The Message of Images: Studies in the History of Art. Vienna, 1988: 166-180, 271-273, fig. 129.
1988
Reuterswärd, Patrik. "Vermeer. Ett försvar för ögats vittnesbörd." Konsthistorisk tidskrift 57, part 2 (1988): 55-59, fig. 2.
1989
Montias, John Michael. Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History. Princeton, 1989: 162, 182, 191, 255-256, 261, fig. 30.
1990
Cunnar, Eugene R. "The Viewer's Share: Three Sectarian Readings of Vermeer's Woman with a Balance." Exemplaria 2 (1990); 501-536.
1991
Bal, Mieke. Reading "Rembrandt": Beyond the Word-Image Opposition. Cambridge and New York, 1991: 1-4, 19-23, 177, repro. 0.1.
1991
Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 195.
1991
Nash, John. Vermeer. London, 1991: 24,2 6, 28, 39, 98-102, color repro.
1992
National Gallery of Art, Washington. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 137, repro.
1995
Johannes Vermeer. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington; Royal Cabinet of Paintings Mauritshuis, The Hague, 1995-1996: no. 10.
1995
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Vermeer and the Art of Painting. New Haven, 1995: 97-103, color repro.
1995
Wheelock, Jr., Arthur K. Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1995: 371-377, color repro. 373.
1996
Wallis, Stephen. "Sketchbook: Knoedler Turns 150." Art & Antiques 19, no. 10 (November 1996): 18.
1997
Gebhardt, Volker. Kunstgeschichte Malerei. Cologne, 1997: no. 127, repro.
1997
Gowing, Lawrence. Vermeer. London, 1997: no. 45, repro.
1997
Niggemeyer, Margarete and Hans-Walter Stork. Perlen schimmern auf den Toren. 1997: 63, repro.
1997
Robinson, James. "Vermeer." Classical Realism Journal 3, no. 2 (1997): 4-21, repro. 15.
1997
Scholz, Georg. Lyrische Bilder: Gedichte nach Gemälden von Jan Vermeer. Munich, 1997: 42, repro.
1997
Toman, Rolf. Die Kunst des Barock: Architektur, Skulptur, Malerei. Cologne, 1997: 465, repro.
1997
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Vermeer: The Complete Works. New York, 1997:36-37, no. 16, repro.
1998
Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition: Faith, Reason and Power in the Early Modern World. New York, 1998: no. 22.10, repro.
1998
Gersch-Nešic, Beth. “Pregnancy." In Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art. Edited by Helene E. Roberts. 2 vols. Chicago, 1998: 2:754.
1998
Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675): Sainte Praxede, Saint Praxedis. Musée de la Chapelle de la Visitation, Monaco, 1998: 7, repro. no. 7.
1998
Schlenke, Hubertus. Vermeer, mit Spinoza gesehen. Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1998: 52-55, 94-99, repro. no. 13a, 13b, 21, 21a.
1999
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Rev. ed. 2 vols. New York, 1999: 2:795-797, fig. 19.53.
1999
Zuffi, Stefano and Francesca Castria, La peinture baroque. Translated from Italian by Silvia Bonucci and Claude Sophie Mazéas. Paris, 1999: 208-209, color repro.
2004
Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 206-207, no. 163, color repro.
2005
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Rev. 2nd ed., combined volume. Upper Saddle River, 2005: 776, color fig. 19.64.
2006
Dekiert, Marcus. Alte Pinakothek: Holländische und deutsche Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts. Munich, 2006: 19-21, color fig. 9.
2008
Dolnick, Edward. The Forger’s Spell: A True Story of Vermeer, Nazis, and the Greatest Art Hoax of the Twentieth Century. New York, 2008: 91.
2008
Lopez, Jonathan. The Man Who Made Vermeers: Unvarnishing the Legend of Master Forger Han van Meegeren. New York, 2008: 53.
2009
Gariff, David, Eric Denker, and Dennis P. Weller. The World's Most Influential Painters and the Artists They Inspired. Hauppauge, NY, 2009: 83, color repro.
2011
Henderson, Jasper and Victor Schiferli. Vermeer: The Life and Work of a Master. Amsterdam, 2011: 46-49, color ill.
2011
Nuechterlein, Jeanne. Translating Nature Into Art: Holbein, The Reformation, and Renaissance Rhetoric. University Park, Pennsylvania, 2011: 3, fig. 3.
2012
Moser, Benjamin. "Mammonomania: A Reappraisal of Dutch Golden Age Paintings." Harper's 324, no. 1942 (March 2012): 73-75, color repro.

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