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Overview

Glenn Ligon was born in the Bronx in 1960, attended the Walden School in New York on a scholarship, and graduated from Wesleyan University in 1982. He participated in the Whitney Museum's Independent Study Program in 1985, known at that time for its language-based approach. Ligon is best known for intertextual works that re-present American history and literature, in particular narratives of slavery and civil rights, for contemporary audiences. His work engages a powerful mix of racial and gender-oriented struggles for the self, leading viewers to reconsider problems inherent in representation.

Untitled (I Am a Man) is just such a representation—a signifier—of the actual signs carried by 1,300 striking African American sanitation workers in Memphis, made famous in Ernest Withers' 1968 photographs. Prompted by the wrongful deaths of two coworkers from faulty equipment, the strikers marched to protest low wages and unsafe working conditions. They took up the slogan "I Am a Man" as a variant on the first line of Ralph Ellison's prologue to Invisible Man, "I am an invisible man." By deleting the word "invisible," the Memphis strikers asserted their presence, making themselves visible in standing up for their rights. Martin Luther King Jr. traveled to Memphis to address the striking workers; the next day, he was assassinated.

This painting is Ligon's most important and iconic work. As the first object in which he used a selected text, Untitled (I Am a Man) is his breakthrough. He took pains to differentiate the painting from the original signs, avoiding a one-to-one relationship by reorganizing the line breaks. And while he preserved the original black-on-white of the sign, his choice to paint the black letters in eye-catching enamel calls attention to a black figure ("Man") as a text that replaces the human form in figurative painting. Throughout his career, Ligon has used "blackness" as a trope for both personal and collective experience. As Ligon has said (paraphrasing Muhammed Ali), "It's not about me. It's about we." The deliberately rough surface of the painting, which Ligon later documented by having a condition report made as an ancillary work of art, seems to index the scars and struggles of the work's great subject.

Untitled (I Am a Man) was the first painting by Ligon to join the collection. His other works at the Gallery include a suite of etchings, a print portfolio, a neon sculpture, and two paintings that were recently conveyed from the Corcoran Collection.

Provenance

The artist; purchased 1 November 2012 through (Luhring Augustine, New York) by NGA.

Associated Names

Luhring Augustine

Exhibition History

2015
Painting 2.0: Expression in the Information Age, Museum Brandhorst, Munich; Museum moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna, 2015-2016, unnumbered catalogue, repro.

Bibliography

2012
Vogel, Carol. "Inside Art: National Gallery of Art Acquires Glenn Ligon Painting." New York Times 162, no. 55 (November 16, 2012): C26.
2013
Donovan, Molly. "Glenn Ligon, Untitlted (I Am A Man)." National Gallery of Art Bulletin 48 (Spring 2013): 24-25, repro.
2015
"Art for the Nation: The Story of the Patrons' Permanent Fund." National Gallery of Art Bulletin, no. 53 (Fall 2015): 32, repro.
2023
Ramos, Carmen E. "Collecting for the Nation." Art for the Nationno. 67 (Fall 2023): 11, fig. 13.

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