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Inscription

on the Virgin's prayerbook: virgo / [c]oncipiet / [e]t p[a]ri[et] / fili[um et vocabitur nomen eius] em[m]anuel / butirum et / mel come / dit u[t] fiat / [rep]roba[re] (Propter hoc dabit Dominus ipse vobis signum. Ecce virgo concipiet, et pariet filium, et vocabitur nomen eius Emmanuel. Butyrum et mel comedet, ut sciat reprobare malum, et eligere bonum; from Isaiah 7:14-15)

Provenance

Painted to serve as the altarpiece of the Guardini chapel on the left side of the rood screen in the church of San Niccolò Oltrarno, Florence, and probably in place by 1426;[1] transferred by c. 1567 (the date of the demolition of the rood screen) to the altar of the other chapel of the Guardini family in the same church; moved 1576 to the Sacristy (and replaced by the Annunciation altarpiece newly painted by Alessandro Fei);[2] in a room annexed to the sacristy, probably until the end of the eighteenth century.[3] possibly Francis Weymss-Charteris-Douglas, 9th earl of Wemyss [1796-1883], Gosford House, Longniddry, Scotland;[4] by inheritance to his son, Francis Richard Charteris, 10th earl of Wemyss [1818-1914], Gosford House, by 1886;[5] by inheritance to his son, Hugo Richard Charteris, 11th earl of Wemyss, [1857-1937], Gosford House; sold c. 1915 to (Robert Langton Douglas, London);[6] sold to Henry Goldman [1857-1937], New York, by 1916;[7] (Duveen Brothers, Inc., London and New York);[8] purchased 26 April 1937 by The A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, Pittsburgh;[9] gift 1937 to NGA.

Exhibition History

1886
Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters. Winter Exhibition, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 1886, no. 185, as by Anonymous, Italian School.

Bibliography

1579
Tanci, Leonardo. “Memoriae della chiesa di San Niccolò Oltr’Arno in Firenze.” 1579. Ms. Florence, Archivio parrocchiale di San Niccolò: fol. 116r.
1584
Borghini, Raffaello. Il Riposo di Raffaello Borgini. Florence, 1584: 313, as by Masaccio.
1677
Bocchi, Francesco. Le bellezze della città di Firenze. (Florence, 1591). Ed. Giovanni Cinelli. Florence, 1677: 272, as by Masaccio.
1713
“Notizie varie della Città di Firenze.” Ms. Palatino 1177 [after 1713]. Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale: fol. 13v.
1800
Puccini, Tommaso. “Dialoghi sulle vite dei pittori del Vasari.” [c. 1800]. Florence, Uffizi Library, Ms. no. 46: fol. 1161r.
1832
Masselli, Giovanni, ed. Le opere di Giorgio Vasari, pittore e architetto aretino. 2 vols. Florence, 1832-1838: 1(1832):252 n. 9.
1845
Baldinucci, Filippo. Notizie dei professori del disegno da Cimabue in qua. 6 vols. Florence, 1681-1728. Ed. F. Ranalli. 5 vols. Florence, 1845-1847: 1(1845):474.
1878
Vasari, Giorgio. Le vite dei più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori. Ed. Gaetano Milanesi. 9 vols. Florence, 1878-1885: 2(1878):290, as by Masaccio.
1895
Schmarsow, August. Masacchio-Studien. 4 vols. Kassel, 1895-1899: 3(1898):69; 5(1899):70, as by Masaccio.
1900
Berenson, Bernard. The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance. 2nd ed. New York and London, 1900: 128.
1902
Berenson, Bernard. “Quelques peintures méconnues de Masolino da Panicale.” Gazette des Beux-Arts 44, no. 27 (1902): 89. Reprinted in Berenson, Bernard. The Study and Criticism of Italian Art. 2nd ser. London, 1902.
1903
Crowe, Joseph Archer, and Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle. A History of Painting in Italy. 6 vols. Ed. Robert Langton Douglas (vols. 1-4) and Tancred Borenius (vols. 5-6). London, 1903-1914: 4(1911):31 n. 3.
1907
Giglioli, Odoardo. "Masolino." In Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, eds. Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. 37 vols. Leipzig, 1907-1950: 24(1930):210.
1908
Crowe, Joseph Archer, and Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle. A New History of Painting in Italy, from the II to the XVI Century. 3rd edition. 3 vols. Ed. Edward Hutton. London, 1908-1909: 2(1909)232 n. 2.
1909
Berenson, Bernard. The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance. 3rd ed. London, 1909: 159.
1916
Berenson, Bernard. “The Annunciation by Masolino.” Art in America 4 (1916): 305-311, repro.
1916
Borenius, Tancred. “The Annunciation by Masolino.” The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 24 (1916): 44, 45, repro.
1916
[Cagnola, Guido.] “Una Annunciazione di Masolino.” Rassegna d’Arte 16 (1916): 206, repro.
1922
Valentiner, Wilhelm R. The Henry Goldman Collection. New York, 1922: no. 3, repro.
1923
Marle, Raimond van. The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting. 19 vols. The Hague, 1923-1938: 9(1927):286, repro.
1923
Toesca, Pietro. “Frammento di un trittico di Masolino.” Bollettino d’Arte 3 (1923): 6.
1925
Schmarsow, August. “Neue Beiträge zu Masolino und Masaccio.” Belvedere 7 (1925): 149-151, repro.
1927
Longhi, Roberto. Piero della Francesca. Rome, 1927: 19.
1928
Salmi, Mario. “Gli affreschi nella collegiata di Castiglione Olona.” Dedalo 8 (1927-1928): 242.
1928
Schmarsow, August. Masaccio und Masolino. Leipzig, 1928: 27.
1929
Singleton, Esther. Old World Masters in New World Collections. New York, 1929: 28-32, repro.
1930
Beenken, Hermann. “Zum Werke des Masaccio. II: Die Altarbild für S. Maria Maggiore in Florenz.” Zeitschrift fur bildende Kunst 63, no. 2 (1929-1930): 160.
1930
Valentiner, Wilhelm R., ed. Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collections. London, 1930: n.p., pl. 2.
1930
Venturi, Lionello. “Contributi a Masolino.” L’Arte 33 (1930): 165.
1931
Lindberg, Henrik. To the Problem of Masolino and Masaccio. 2 vols. Stockholm, 1931: 1:46, 147-148, as not by Masolino.
1931
Valentiner, Wilhelm R. “Eine Verkündigung Masolino.” Pantheon 8 (1931): 413, 416.
1931
Venturi, Lionello. Pitture italiane in America. Milan, 1931: pl. 156.
1932
Beenken, Hermann. “Masaccios und Masolinos Fresken von S. Clemente in Rom.” Belvedere 9 (July-December 1932): 42.
1932
Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance. Oxford, 1932: 338.
1932
Salmi, Mario. Masaccio. Rome, 1932: 73, 125, pl. 163.
1933
Oertel, Robert. “Die Frühwerk des Masaccio.” Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft 7 (1933): 240.
1933
Venturi, Lionello. Italian Paintings in America. 3 vols. New York and Milan, 1933: 2:188
1934
Salmi, Mario. Masaccio. Paris, 1934: 135.
1935
Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europäischer Malerei in Amerika. Vienna, 1935: 326, repro.
1936
Berenson, Bernard. Pitture italiane del rinascimento. Milan, 1936: 300.
1936
Robb, David. "The Iconography of the Annunciation in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries." The Art Bulletin 18 (1936): 519.
1939
Prampolini, Giovanni. L’Annunciazione nei pittori primitivi italiani. Milan, 1939: 53-54, repro.
1940
Longhi, Roberto. “Fatti di Masolino e di Masaccio.” Critica d’Arte 5 (1940): 168-169, 187. Reprint (1975): 21, 32-33.
1940
Paatz, Walter, and Elisabeth Paatz. Die Kirchen von Florenz: ein kunstgeschichtliches Handbuch. 6 vols. Frankfurt am Main, 1940-1954: 4(1952):384 n. 70.
1941
Duveen Brothers. Duveen Pictures in Public Collections of America. New York, 1941: no. 28, repro.
1941
Preliminary Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1941: 126, no. 16.
1941
Richter, George Martin. "The New National Gallery in Washington." The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 78 (June 1941): 177.
1942
Book of Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1942: 239, repro. 149.
1945
“Italian Paintings in the Andrew W. Mellon Collection.” Connoisseur 115, no. 496 (June 1945): 112, 113, repro.
1946
Pope-Hennessy, John. “Recent research.” The Burlington Magazine 88 (July 1946): 173.
1948
Salmi, Mario. Masaccio. 2nd ed. Rome, 1948: 110-111, 210-211, pl. 182.
1949
Brandi, Cesare. Quattrocentisti senesi. Milan, 1949: 73.
1949
Paintings and Sculpture from the Mellon Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1949 (reprinted 1953 and 1958): 14, repro.
1951
Einstein, Lewis. Looking at Italian Pictures in the National Gallery of Art. Washington, 1951: 34-37, repro.
1952
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1952: 12, color repro.
1952
Procacci, Ugo. Tutta la pittura di Masaccio. 2nd ed. Milan, 1952: 35.
1955
Spencer, John R. "Spatial Imagery of the Annunciation in Fifteenth Century Florence." The Art Bulletin 37, no. 4 (December 1955): 279, repro.
1959
Micheletti, Emma. Masolino da Panicale. Milan, 1959: 37-38, 53, pl. 46.
1961
Berti, Luciano. “Masaccio 1422?” Commentari 12 (1961): 96.
1961
DeWald, Ernest T. Italian Painting 1200-1600. New York, 1961: 196.
1962
Gioseffi, Decio. “Domenico Veneziano, l’esordio masaccesco e la tavola con i SS. Girolamo e Giovanni Battista della National Gallery di Londra.” Emporium 155 (February 1962): 62.
1962
Parronchi, Alessandro. "'Una nunziatina di Paolo Uccello': Ricostruzione della Cappella Carnesecchi." Studi Urbinati 36, no. 1 (1962): 93-130, as by Paolo Uccello.
1962
Vayer, Lajos. Masolino és Róma: Mecénas és múvész a Reneszánsz Kezdetén. Budapest, 1962: 290.
1963
Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance. Florentine School. 2 vols. London, 1963: 1:137. 2:pl.557.
1963
Berti, Luciano. “Miniature dell’Angelico (e altro).” Acropoli 3 (1963): 8, 36 n. 64.
1963
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 298, repro.
1964
Berti, Luciano. Masaccio. Milan, 1964: 140 n. 176, 142 n. 191, 152-153 n. 287.
1964
Edgerton, Samuel Y. Review of Parronchi, Studi su la 'dolce prospettiva' (1964). The Art Bulletin 49 (1967): 78.
1964
Meiss, Millard. “The Altered Program of the Santa Maria Maggiore Altarpiece.” In Studien zur toskanischen Kunst. Festschrift für Ludwig Heinrich Heyendreich. Munich, 1964: 186 n. 53.
1964
Parronchi, Alessandro. Studi su la 'dolce prospettiva'. Milan, 1964: 471, as by Paolo Uccello.
1965
Bianchini, Maria Adelaide. Masolino da Panicale. Milan, 1965: no. 80.
1965
Neumeyer, Alfred. “The Lanckoronski Annunciation in the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum.” Art Quarterly 28 (1965): 16 nn. 26, 36.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 84.
1966
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 1:18, color repro.
1966
Parronchi, Alessandro. “Il dossale dei Santi Cosmè e Damiano.” Arte Antica e Moderna 33 (January-March 1966): 52, 55.
1966
Parronchi, Alessandro. “Sulla perduta Annunciazione di Masaccio: Ricerche e proposte.” Studi urbinati di urbinati, filosofia, e letteratura 40 (1966): 167-177, as by Paolo Uccello.
1968
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 74, repro.
1968
Volponi, Pietro, and Luciano Berti. L’opera completa di Masaccio. Milan, 1968: 100.
1972
Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA, 1972: 123, 645.
1973
Moretti, Italo. La chiesa di San Niccolò Oltra’Arno. Florence, 1972-1973: 70.
1973
Vasari, Giorgio. Le vite. Ed. Licia and Carlo Ragghianti. Updated by G. Innamorati. 3 vols. Milan, 1971-1976: 4(1949):326 n. 4.
1973
Watkins, Law B. “Technical Observations on the Frescoes of the Brancacci Chapel.” Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorichen Institutes von Florenz 17 (1973): 73.
1974
Parronchi, Alessandro. Paolo Uccello. Bologna, 1974: 149-153, as by Paolo Uccello.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 218, repro.
1975
Fremantle, Richard. Florentine Gothic Painters from Giotto to Masaccio: A Guide to Painting in and near Florence, 1300 to 1450. London, 1975: 485.
1975
Joost-Gaugier, Christiane L. “Jacopo Bellini’s Interest in Perspective and its iconographical significance.” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 (1975): 367.
1976
Watkins, Law B. The Brancacci Chapel: Meaning and Use. Ann Arbor, MI, 1976: 154.
1977
Edgerton, Samuel Y. “Mensurare temporalis facit Geometria spiritualis: Some Fifteenth-Century Italian Notions about When and Where the Annunciation Happened.” In Irving Lavin and John Plummer, eds. Studies in Late Medieval and Renaissance Painting in Honor of Millard Meiss. New York, 1977: 122 n. 29.
1979
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Catalogue of the Italian Paintings. 2 vols. Washington, 1979: 1:305-306; 2:pl. 218.
1979
Sutton, Denys. "Robert Langton Douglas. Part III." Apollo 109, no. 208 (June 1979): 431 [149], fig. 8.
1980
Arasse, Daniel. “Espace pictural et image religieuse: Le point de vue de Masolino sur la perspective.” In Marisa Dalai Emiliani, ed. La Prospettiva rinascimentale. Codificazioni e trasgressioni. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi tenutosi al Castello Sforzesco, Civiche raccolta d’arte di Milano, dall’11 al 15 ottobre del 1977. Florence, 1980: 142-143.
1980
Volpe, Carlo. “Paolo Uccello a Bologna.” Paragone 31, no. 365 (1980): 24 n. 1.
1980
Wohl, Hellmut. The Paintings of Domenico Veneziano. Oxford, 1980: 148 n. 5.
1981
Parronchi, Alessandro. “Paolo Uccello nel Chiostro Verde.” In Omar Calabrese, ed. Santa Maria novella. La basilica, il convento, i chiostri monumentali. Rome, 1981: 139, as by Paolo Uccello.
1982
Damiani, Giovanna, Anna Laghi, et al, eds. San Niccolò Oltr’Arno. La chiesa, una Famiglia di antiquari. 2 vols. Florence, 1982: 1:25-45.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 76, no. 25, color repro.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 251, repro.
1985
Joannides, Paul. “A Masolino Partially Reconstructed.” Source 4 (1985): 1, 2, 4.
1987
Boskovits, Miklós. “Il percorso di Masolino: Precisazioni sulla cronologia e sul catalogo.” Arte Cristiana 75 (1987): 53.
1987
Proto Pisani, Rosanna Caterina, ed. Masolino a Empoli. Exh. cat. Chiesa di S. Stefano degli Agostiniani, Empoli, 1987: 23-24.
1988
Berti, Luciano, et al. Masaccio. Florence, 1988: 28, 38.
1988
Boskovits, Miklós, ed. Arte in Lombardia tra Gotico e Rinascimento. Exh. cat. Palazzo Reale, Milan, 1988: 202.
1988
Joannides, Paul. “The Colonna Triptych by Masolino and Masaccio: Collaboration and Chronology.” Arte Cristiana 76 (1988): 341, 346 n. 2.
1989
Berti, Luciano, and Rossella Foggi. Masaccio. Catalogo completo dei dipinti. Florence, 1989: 22, repro.
1990
Baldini, Umberto. Masaccio. Florence, 1990: 134.
1990
Berti, Luciano. “Il decennio di Masaccio.” In Luciano Berti and Antonio Paolucci, eds. L’età di Masaccio. Il primo Quattrocento a Firenze. Exh. cat. Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, 1990: 148.
1990
Roberts, Perri Lee. “Lost and Found: The San Niccolò Annunciation Reonsidered.” Southeastern College Art Conference Review 11 (1990): 372-378, repro.
1991
Manca, Joseph. “Mary Versus the Open Door: Moral Antithesis in Images of the Annunciation.” Source 10 (1991): 1, fig .4.
1993
Roberts, Perri Lee. Masolino da Panicale. Oxford, 1993: 98, repro.
1996
Spike, John T. Fra Angelico. New York, London, and Paris 1996: 37, repro.
2003
Boskovits, Miklós, David Alan Brown, et al. Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. The Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2003: 466-471, color repro.
2006
Fahy, Everett. "Early Italian paintings in Washington and Philadelphia." The Burlington Magazine 148, no. 1241 (August 2006): 537.
2010
Rowley, Neville. “Pittura di luce: La manière claire dans la peinture du Quattrocento.” Ph.D. Diss., Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2010: 34 n. 77, 64 n. 188, fig. 30.
2022
Badino, Grazia. “Firenze, 7 gennaio 1422: Masaccio, ‘pictor populi Sancti Nicholai’.” In Angelo Tartuferi, Lucia Bencistà, and Nicoletta Matteuzzi, eds. Masaccio e i maestri del Rinascimento a confronto. Per celebrare 600 anni del Trittico di San Giovenale. Exh. cat., Museo Masaccio d’Arte Sacra, Reggello (Florence), 2022: 82-83, 88 n. 13.
2024
De Luca, Silvia, Andrea De Marchi and Francesco Suppa, eds. Empoli 1424: Masolino e gli albori del rinascimento. Exh. cat. Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea and Chiesa di Santo Stefano degli Agostiniani, Empoli, 2024: 144.
2024
De Marchi, Andrea. "Masolino da Panicale, un irregolare." In Silvia De Luca, Andrea De Marchi, and Francesco Suppa, eds. Empoli 1424: Masolino e gli albori del rinascimento. Exh. cat. Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea and Chiesa di Santo Stefano degli Agostiniani, Empoli, 2024: 75, 77.

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