National Gallery of Art :: The Collection :: Saint Benedict Orders Saint Maurus to the Rescue of Saint Placidus
  • Provenance
  • Exhibition History
  • Bibliography

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Provenance

Part of a predella, possibly that of the main altarpiece of the church of San Bernardo in Arezzo, which was subsequently removed from the altar and dismembered, but remained in the adjacent monastery of the Olivetans until at least 1767.[1] probably Michele Cavaleri, Milan, by the mid-nineteenth century or later;[2] acquired 1873 by Enrico (Henri) Cernuschi [1821-1896], Paris and Menton.[3] Édouard Aynard [1837-1913], Lyons, by 1900;[4] (his sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, 1-4 December 1913, 1st day, no. 52); Hoentschel.[5] Mme Douine, Château de la Boissière, Seine-et-Oise; (Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York); sold December 1942 to the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York;[6] gift 1952 to NGA.

[1] In an important essay, Jeffrey Ruda ("Style and Patronage in the 1440s: Two Altarpieces of the Coronation of the Virgin by Filippo Lippi," MittKIF 28 [1984]: 384) succeeded in identifying the altar panel, then still in its original frame and considered a single piece, in a 1767 inventory of the monastery of San Bernardo (Archivio di Stato, Florence, Compagnie Religiose Soppresse in Arezzo, B. XLVIII, no. 10, f. 190r.). In 1782 the Olivetans were transferred to the monastery of Santa Maria in Grado, also in Arezzo, and three years later their new house was suppressed and its belongings dispersed. The Coronation probably remained in the city in private hands, perhaps until 1842 when it was purchased by Pope Gregory XVI from the Aretine merchant Carlo Baldesci (see Jeffrey Ruda, Fra Filippo Lippi. Life and Work with a Complete Catalogue, London, 1993: 418). Robert Oertel, Fra Filippo Lippi, Vienna, 1942: 67, and other scholars linked the execution of the altar panel to the death of Gregorio Marsuppin (represented knealing on the other side), who commissioned the painting. Gregorio, a famous jurist, died in 1444; this date can be considered a probable terminus post quem for the commission.

[2] That the painting came from the Cavaleri collection is only a hypothesis. Apparently no complete list has ever been published of the paintings in that collection. A. Mazzoleni (Il Museo Cavaleri, Milan, 1870) and Giuseppe Ferrari (Il Museo Cavaleri, Milan, 1871) limit themselves to citing just some of the works, for the most part Lombard, and referring to the presence of Tuscan paintings. A Milanese lawyer, Michele Cavaleri began collecting around 1845 and from 1870 on opened to the public what by then had come to be called the Cavaleri Museum. The owner hoped that the collection would be purchased by the city of Milan, but when negotiations fell through, he sold the entire collection to Enrico Cernuschi on 13 April 1873 (see Alessandra Mottola Molfino, "Collezionismo e mercato artistico a Milano," Zenale e Leonardo. Tradizione e rinnovamento della pittura lombarda, Milan, 1982: 247-248).

[3] On the provenance from the Cernuschi collection see Fern Rusk Shapley, Catalogue of the Italian Paintings, 2 vols., Washington, D.C., 1979: 1:264, and the Getty Provenance Index. As Cernuschi otherwise collected mainly objects of Asian art (see Caroline Gyss-Vermande, "Cernuschi, Henri," in Dictionary of Art, 1996: 6:345), one may surmise that he obtained his early Italian paintings from the Cavaleri collection; see note 2. Lippi's panel is not listed in the sale catalogue for the collection (Catalogue des tableaux anciens des écoles primitives..., Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, 25-26 May 1900). It seems likely that the painting was sold privately sometime earlier, probaby after the collector's death in 1896.

[4] On this collection, see Jean-François Garmier, "Le Goût du moyen-âge chez les collectionneurs lyonnais du XIXe siècle," RArt 47 (1980): 59, 64 n. 153.

[5] According to annotated copies of the Aynard sale catalogue and a newspaper account of the sale (copies in NGA curatorial files), in one of which the name is also spelled Hoentchell. A letter of 17 April 1979 from Jean-François Garmier spells the name Hohentchell (in NGA curatorial files). It is possible the buyer was Georges Hoentschel (1855-1915), a collector in Paris, who made other purchases at the Aynard sale.

[6] The sales agreement for eleven paintings, including "Scenes from the Life of St. Benoit" by Fra Filippo Lippi, between Wildenstein & Co. and the Kress Foundation is dated 31 December 1942 (copy in NGA curatorial files).

Exhibition History

1946
Recent Additions to the Kress Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1946, no. 804.

Bibliography

1944
Frankfurter, Alfred M. The Kress Collection in the National Gallery. New York, 1944: 29, repro.
1945
Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1945 (reprinted 1947, 1949): 33, repro.
1952
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1952: 20, color repro.
1952
Frankfurter, Alfred M. "Interpreting Masterpieces: Twenty-four Paintings from the Kress Collection." Art News Annual 16 (1952): 89, repro. 86
1957
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Comparisons in Art: A Companion to the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. London, 1957 (reprinted 1959): pl. 15
1959
Paintings and Sculpture from the Samuel H. Kress Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1959: 53, repro.
1961
Seymour 1961 (Kress), 29, repro., color repro. pl. 25
1963
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 299, repro.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 76
1966
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 1:28, color repro.
1966
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools, XIII-XV Century. London, 1966: 107-108, fig. 290, 292.
1968
European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1968: 67, repro.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 196, repro.
1979
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Catalogue of the Italian Paintings. 2 vols. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1979: I:264-265, II:pl. 180
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 86, no. 43, color repro.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 230, repro.
1991
Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 6, color repro.
2003
Boskovits, Miklós, and David Alan Brown, et al. Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. The Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C., 2003: 410-415, color repro.

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