Footed bowl, Turkey (Ottoman), probably Iznik
mid-16th century,
fritware with underglaze colors, 28 cm (11)
© Victoria and Albert Museum, London
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~Princely
Patronage
The construction of a wooden minbar was an expensive venture,
especially in Egypt, where wood was a rare commodity. Rulers
often covered the costs, for they usually controlled an
enormous proportion of a state's wealth. Such acts of patronage
signaled the rulers' piety and brought them public approval.
To ensure that the patrons would be remembered, minbars
and other objects made for mosques carry inscriptions stating
who commissioned them. The minbar bears the name of the Mamluk Sultan Qa'itbay, a great
patron of the arts who ruled from Cairo from 1468 to 1496.
The patronage of powerful rulers could have a dramatic
effect. In the 1460s or 1470s, the Ottoman sultan Mehmet
the Conqueror began to invest in the production of ceramics
for his court, which led to a steep rise in the quality
of pottery available on the market. In the small town of
Iznik in northwest Anatolia, craftsmen had been producing
unremarkable earthenwares that were pale imitations of
Chinese blue-and-white porcelain. By the end of the fifteenth
century, however, Iznik potters were producing fritware,
a white ceramic made from finely ground pebbles and sand
that resembled porcelain. This new material allowed potters
to make vessels of such remarkable size and refinement
that they are considered one of the highest achievements
of Islamic art.
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