Typical of artists of his era, Saint-Gaudens handled the creative aspect of his work and had craftsmen execute its casting and carving. He used a number of foundries for his bronzes, working very closely to determine the colors of the patinas applied to them. Saint-Gaudens used foundries in Paris, where he felt craftsmen were sensitive to the potentials of the bronze medium so well utilized during the Renaissance, but he also used foundries in the U.S. such as the Goreham Foundry in Providence, Rhode Island, where the Shaw Memorial was cast.