The Crucifixion
c. 1504/1505
Artist, Cortonese, 1445/1450 - 1523


West Building Main Floor, Gallery 7
Artwork overview
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Medium
tempera, oil, and gilding on panel
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
overall: 72.5 × 101.3 cm (28 9/16 × 39 7/8 in.)
framed: 94.93 × 123.67 × 11.43 cm (37 3/8 × 48 11/16 × 4 1/2 in.) -
Accession
1952.5.75
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
Possibly painted for the main of the church of Sant'Agostino, Matelica (Macerata).[1] Citernesi, Florence; purchased May 1883 by Sir John Charles Robinson [1824-1913], London;[2] sold February 1894 to Sir Francis Cook, 1st bt. [1817-1901], Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey; by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Lucas Cook, 2nd bt. [1844-1920], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Herbert Frederick Cook, 3rd bt. [1868-1939], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 4th bt. [1907-1978], Doughty House, and Cothay Manor, Somerset; sold June or July 1947 to (Gualtiero Volterra, London) for (Count Alessandro Contini Bonacossi, Florence);[3] sold July 1948 to the Samuel H. Kress Collection, New York;[4] gift 1952 to NGA.
[1] According to a convincing hypothesis first formulated dubitatively by Mario Salmi, "Chiosa Signorelliana," Commentari 4 (1953): 114, and subsequently confirmed by Laurence B. Kanter, "The Late Works of Luca Signorelli and His Followers, 1498-1559," Ph.D. diss., New York University, Institute of Fine Arts, 1989: 131-136, and Laurence B. Kanter and David Franklin, "Some Passion Scenes by Luca Signorelli after 1500," MittKIF 35 (1991): 171-192. At first Mario Salmi (Luca Signorelli, Novara, 1953: 59) suggested the possible provenance of the painting from a lost Lamentation over the Dead Christ mentioned by Vasari (Vite, Milanesi edition, 3:686) as painted for a church at Monte Santa Maria. The scholar evidently abandoned this idea and it was not taken into consideration by others.
[2] According to Robinson's account book (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; copy of relevant page in NGA curatorial files). See also Tancred Borenius, A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House, Richmond & Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook Bt. I. Italian Schools, London, 1913: 1:no. 53.
[3] See copies of correspondence in NGA curatorial files, from the Cook Collection Archive in care of John Somerville, England. Volterra was Contini Bonacossi's agent in London. An expertise written in Italian (not in English, like those made for pictures already acquired by the Kress Foundation), dated April 1948 and signed by Longhi (copy in NGA curatorial files), was made in all probability for Contini Bonacossi, to whom Longhi was permanent advisor, shortly after the acquisition of the painting.
[4] The Kress Foundation made an offer to Contini Bonacossi on 7 June 1948 for a group of twenty-eight paintings, including the Signorelli; the offer was accepted on 11 July 1948 (see copies of correspondence in NGA curatorial files, see also The Kress Collection Digital archive, https://kress.nga.gov/Detail/objects/2117).
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1893
Exhibition of the Work of Luca Signorelli and His School, Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, 1893, no. 15.
1946
Loan Exhibition of the Cook Collection of Primitive and Early Renaissance Paintings (1350-1550); venues: municipal art galleries of Norwich, Sheffield, Leicester, Blackpool, Manchester, Southampton, Brighton; tour by Art Exh. Bureau, 1946-1947, no. 13.
2012
Luca Signorelli "de ingegno et spirito pelegrino", Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, Perugia, 2012, no. 50, repro.
2023
Signorelli 500: Maestro Luca da Cortona, pittore di luce e poesia, Palazzo Casali-MAEC, Cortona, 2023, no. 14, repro.
Bibliography
1909
Berenson, Bernard. The Central Italian Painters of the Renaissance. 2nd ed. New York, 1909: 250.
1913
Borenius, Tancred. A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House, Richmond, and Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook Bt. Italian Schools. Vol. I, Pt. 2. Edited by Herbert Cook. London, 1913: 62, cat. 53, repro.
1921
Venturi, Adolfo. Luca Signorelli. Florence, 1921-1922: 64.
1927
Dussler, Luitpold. Luca Signorelli. Des Meisters Gemälde. Stuttgart, 1927: 171, 211, repro.
1932
Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Oxford, 1932: 533.
Brockwell, Maurice W. Abridged Catalogue of the Pictures at Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey, in the Collection of Sir Herbert Cook. London, 1932: 51, cat. 53.
1936
Berenson, Bernard. Pitture italiane del rinascimento: catalogo dei principali artisti e delle loro opere con un indice dei luoghi. Milan, 1936: 458.
1951
Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection Acquired by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation 1945-1951. Introduction by John Walker, text by William E. Suida. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1951: 64, no. 21, repro.
1953
Salmi, Mario. “Chiosa Signorelliana.” Commentari 4 (1953): 113.
Salmi, Mario. Luca Signorelli. Novara, 1953: 31, 59, fig. 59a.
1959
Paintings and Sculpture from the Samuel H. Kress Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1959: 90, repro.
1964
Scarpellini, Pietro. Luca Signorelli. Florence, 1964: 143.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 122.
1966
Lenzini Moriondo, Margherita. Luca Signorelli. Florence, 1966: 25.
1968
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 109, repro.
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools, XV-XVI Century. London, 1968: 96-97, fig. 232.
Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance. Central Italian and North Italian Schools. 3 vols. London, 1968: 1:401.
1972
Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA, 1972: 188, 647.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 324, repro.
1979
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Catalogue of the Italian Paintings. 2 vols. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1979: 1:427-428; 2:pl. 306.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 108, no. 81, color repro.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 372, repro.
1989
Kanter, Laurence B. "The Late Works of Luca Signorelli and His Followers, 1498-1559." Ph.D. diss., Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 1989: 131-136.
1991
Gizzi, Corrado, ed. Signorelli e Dante. Exh. cat. Castello Gizzi, Torre de’ Passeri, 1991: 302.
Kanter, Laurence B., and David Franklin. “Some Passion Scenes by Luca Signorelli after 1500.” _ Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz_ 35 (1991): 175, 177-180, 187, no. 10.
1998
Henry, Tom, ed. Signorelli in British Collections. Exh. cat. National Gallery, London, 1998.
2002
Kanter, Laurence B., and Tom Henry. Luca Signorelli: The Complete Paintings. Milan, 2002: 69-70, 208-210, cat. 68.
2003
Boskovits, Miklós, David Alan Brown, et al. Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. The Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2003: 643-648, color repro.
2012
Henry, Tom. The Life and Art of Luca Signorelli. New Haven and London, 2012: 217, figs. 198, 204.
2019
Papi, Federica. “Dall’oblio alla riscoperta. Signorelli nel mercato antiquario.” In Federica Papi and Claudio Parisi Presicce, eds. Luca Signorelli e Roma. Oblio e riscoperte. Exh. cat. Musei Capitolini, Rome, 2019: 132.
Wikidata ID
Q20174916