La Mousmé
1888
Painter, Dutch, 1853 - 1890
Van Gogh found inspiration for this portrait in the bold complementary colors and contrasting patterns of the Japanese woodblock prints he collected. He fantasized about Japan as a utopia of bright light and color different from the dark, crowded western capitals he lived in. In fact, the title of this portrait comes from a popular French novel about Japan. In the book, the “mousmé” is a young woman described as innocent and pure.
West Building Main Floor, Gallery 83
Artwork overview
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Medium
oil on canvas
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
overall: 73.3 x 60.3 cm (28 7/8 x 23 3/4 in.)
framed: 99 x 86.3 x 10.1 cm (39 x 34 x 4 in.) -
Accession
1963.10.151
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
Mme Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, the artist's sister-in-law, Amsterdam;[1] sold May 1909 to (J.H. de Bois [C.M. van Gogh, Mme van Gogh-Bonger's uncle by marriage], The Hague); sold 1909 to Carl Sternheim [1878-1942], Munich and later La Hulpe, Belgium;[2] traded 1909 to (Bernheim-Jeune & Cie, Paris).[3] (Jos Hessel, Paris). (Paul Rosenberg and Co., Paris). Georges Bernheim, Paris. Alphonse Kann [1870-1948], Paris, by 1917.[4] J.B. Stang, Oslo;[5] sold 3 January 1928 through (Dr. Alfred Gold [1874-1958], Berlin) to (Alex Reid and Lefèvre, Ltd., Glasgow and London) on joint account with (M. Knoedler & Co., New York); sold 21 May 1929 through (Galerie Étienne Bignou, Paris) to Chester Dale [1883-1962], New York;[6] bequest 1963 to NGA.
[1] The painting is no. 169 in the Andries Bonger list of 1890, described as "Jeune fille à la fleur, toile de 25" ("Catalogue des oeuvres de Vincent van Gogh," manuscript b 3055 V/1962, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam; copy in NGA curatorial files).
[2] The painting sold for 3000 guilders, per Jan Frederik Heijbroek and E.L. Wouthuysen, Kunst, kennis en commercie: de kunsthandelaar J.H. de Bois (1878-1946), Amsterdam, 1993:195, and Christ Stolwijk and Han Veenenbos, The account book of Theo van Gogh and Jo van Gogh-Bonger, Amsterdam and Leiden, 2002: 52 (17/12), 127 (92/10), 149, 172. See also Walter Feilchenfeldt, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Cassirer, Berlin: The Reception of van Gogh in Germany from 1901-1914, Zwolle, 1988: 94. A label from the "Kunsthandel C.M. van Gogh, Keizersgracht 953, Amsterdam" is on the back of the painting.
[3] Thea Sternheim, Tagebücher 1905-1927. Die Jahre mit Carl Sternhaim, Mainz, 1995: 25, mentions Carl trading the portrait to Bernheim-Jeune in exchange for a landscape. Bernheim-Jeune & Cie no. 16771 is per a label on the back of the painting. Hessel, Rosenberg and Georges Bernheim are per Chester Dale papers, in NGA curatorial files.
[4] The painting was lent by Kann to the 1917 exhibition Französische Kunst des XIX. u. XX. Jahrhunderts, Zürchner Kunsthaus, no.108, as Fillette d'Arles. There is also a partial label on the back of the painting that reads "Alph. Kann. van Gogh, Fillette d'Arles."
[5] The Stang collection was visited in January 1929 by Cesar de Hauke and Germain Seligmann, per the Seligmann papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Box 208. The collection was described, and this painting reproduced, by Paul Jamot in "L'Art français en Norvège," La Renaissance (February 1929). This painting, however, was already sold by Dr. Alfred Gold to Reid & Lefèvre by that time. See Reid & Lefèvre, Paintings Sold, sheet no. 161, #312/28 B1343, which records the date of purchase from Gold as 3 January 1928 (Lefèvre archives, Hyman Kreitman Research Centre, Tate Britain, London, TGA 2002/11, Box 283). Gold was selling pictures from the Stang collection over a number of years; see the Seligmann papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Box 394. Copies of all the archival documents are in NGA curatorial files.
[6] The invoice dated 5 April 1929 from Bignou to Reid & Lefèvre for the re-framing of the painting suggests it was in Paris by that time (Lefèvre archives, Hyman Kreitman Research Centre, Tate Britain, London, TGA 2002/11, Box 180). On 29 May 1929, Bignou writes that he has shipped the picture to London (Lefèvre archives, Hyman Kreitman Research Centre, Tate Britain, London, TGA 2002/11, Box 218). Copies of the 1929 invoice and letter are in NGA curatorial files.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1895
Possibly the first van Gogh exhibition, Ambroise Vollard, Paris, June 1895, no catalogue.
1903
Ausstellung der Holländischen Secession, Weisbaden, 1903, no. 18, as Porträt eines jungen Mädchens.
1905
Folkwang Museum, Hagen, 1905, no catalogue.
Schilderijen en Teekeningen door Vincent van Gogh, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1905, no. 121, as Jong meisje met bloem.
VII Ausstellung, Paul Cassirer, Berlin, April 1905, no. 10, as Junges Mädchen mit Blume.
1908
Vincent van Gogh, Kunstverein, Frankfurt, 1908, no. 52, as Junges Mädchen mit Blume.
Cent tableaux Vincent van Gogh, Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, 1908, no. 52, La Fille à la fleur.
VII Ausstellung, Paul Cassirer, Berlin, 5-22 March 1908, no. 10, as Junges Mädchen mit Blume.
1917
Französische Kunst des XIX. u. XX. Jahrhunderts, Zürchner Kunsthaus, 1917, no. 108, as Fillette d'Arles.
1929
First Loan Exhibition, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1929, no.75, repro.
Masterpieces by Nineteenth Century French Painters, Alex. Reid & Lefevre, London, June 1929, no. 3A, repro.
1931
Portraits of Women Loan Exhibition: Romanticism to Surrealism, Museum of French Art, New York, 1931, no. 21, as Portrait, Mlle. Gachet.
1932
The Taste of Today in Masterpieces of Painting before 1900, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, as Mlle Gachet, no. cat.
1933
A Century of Progress, The Art Institute of Chicago, 1933, no. 382, repro., as Portrait of Mlle Gachet.
1965
The Chester Dale Bequest, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965, unnumbered checklist.
2010
From Impressionism to Modernism: The Chester Dale Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, January 2010-January 2012, unnumbered catalogue, repro.
Bibliography
1895
Natanson, Thadée. “Jean Carriès – Vincent van Gogh.” La Revue Blanche (June 1895): 572-573.
1905
Vincent van Gogh: 40 Photocollographies d’après ses tableaux et dessins. W. Versluys. Amsterdam, 1905: no. 32 as Portrait de fille (Collection Mme van Gogh-Bonger).
1912
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Vincent van Gogh. Munich, 1912: 49, repro.
1920
Hagan, Oscar (introduction). Van Gogh Mappe. Munich, 1920: no. 14, as Junges Mädchen.
1922
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Vincent van Gogh, a biographical study. 2 vols. Tranlsated by John Holroyd Reece. London, 1922: 2:repro. 94A.
Pfister, Kurt. Vincent van Gogh. Potsdam, 1922: repro. 31.
1928
Faille, J.-B. de la. L'Oeuvre de Vincent Van Gogh, catalogue raisonné. 4 vols. Paris and Brussels, 1928: 1:no. 431; 2:repro.
1929
Pfister, Kurt. Vincent van Gogh. Berlin, 1929: pl. 25.
Photogravure Picture Section. The New York TImes (15 September 1929): repro.
Jamot, Paul. "L'Art français en Norvège." La Renaissance 12 (February 1929): 94, repro.
Gogh, Vincent van. Briefe an Emile Bernard, Paul Gauguin, Paul Signac und Andere. Basel, 1929: 44-45, repro. 48.
1933
Rich, Daniel Catton. "The Exhibition of French Art "Art Institute" of Chicago." Formes 33 (1933): 383.
Art News 31, no. 34 (May 20, 1933): cover repro., as Portrait of Mlle Gachet.
Meier-Graefe, Julius. Vincent van Gogh: A Biographical Study. New York, 1933: pl. 58.
1935
Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europäischer Malerei in Amerika. Vienna, 1935: 302, repro. (English ed., Masterpieces of European Painting in America. New York, 1939: 302, repro.).
Terrasse, Charles. Van Gogh, peintre. Paris, 1935: 109, repro.
Recueil important des oeuvres de Vincent van Gogh. 2 vols. Tokyo, 1935-1936: 2:pl. 11.
1936
Bulliet, C. J. The Significant Moderns and Their Pictures. New York, 1936: repro. no. 54.
Sternheim, Carl. Vorkriegseuropa im Gleichnis meines Lebens. Amsterdman, 1936: 137, 165.
1937
Scherjon, W., and Jos. de Gruyter. Vincent van Gogh's Great Period: Arles, St. Rémy and Auvers sur Oise (Complete Catalogue). Amsterdam, 1937: 84, no. 55, repro.
1938
Pemberton, Murdock. "Ambassador to Art." Esquire (February 1938): repro.
1939
Faille, J.-B. de la. Vincent Van Gogh. New York and Paris, 1939: 330, no. 431, repro.
Slocombe, George. Rebels of Art, Manet to Matisse. New York, 1939: pl. 19.
1941
Graber, Hans, ed. Briefe an Emile Bernard, Paul Gauguin, John Russell, Paul Signac und Anderer. Basel, 1941: repro. opposite 52.
1942
French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1942: 76, repro.
1944
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. Masterpieces of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1944: 178, color repro.
French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1944: 76, repro.
Jewell, Edward Alden. French Impressionists and their Contemporaries Represented in American Collections. New York, 1944: repro. 157.
1950
Schapiro, Meyer. Vincent van Gogh. New York, 1950: 59, repro.
1951
Schapiro, Meyer. Vincent Van Gogh. London, 1951: 59, repro.
1953
French Paintings from the Chester Dale Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1953: 86, repro.
1956
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1956: 58, repro.
1957
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Comparisons in Art: A Companion to the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. London, 1957 (reprinted 1959): pl. 102.
1959
Evans, Grose. French Painting of the 19th Century in the National Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C., 1959 (Booklet Number Two in Ten Schools of Painting in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.): 36, color repro.
1960
The National Gallery of Art and Its Collections. Foreword by Perry B. Cott and notes by Otto Stelzer. National Gallery of Art, Washington (undated, 1960s): 19, color repro. 17.
1961
d'Angelis, Gaston. Gauguin. Paris, 1961: 46, repro.
1963
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1963 (reprinted 1964 in French, German, and Spanish): 274, repro.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 59.
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Paintings & Sculpture of the French School in the Chester Dale Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 125, repro.
1966
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 2:466, color repro.
1968
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 52, repro.
Gandolfo, Giampaolo et al. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Great Museums of the World. New York, 1968: 141-142, color repro.
1970
Faille, J.-B. de la. The Works of Vincent van Gogh: Paintings and Drawings. Amsterdam, 1970: no. F431, repro.
1973
Pickvance, Ronald. "The new de la Faille." The Burlington Magazine 115 (March 1973): 179.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 156, repro.
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1975: 520, repro. 521.
1976
Dorival, Bernard, "Ukiyo-e and European Painting." In Dialogue in Arts: Japan and the West. Chisaburo F. Yamada, ed. Tokyo and New York, 1976: repro. 45.
1979
Watson, Ross. The National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1979: 120, pl. 106.
1980
Hulsker, Jan. The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, drawings, sketches. New York, 1980: 344, no. 1519, repro.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 516, no. 777, color repro.
Pickvance, Ronald. Van Gogh in Arles. Exh. cat. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1984: 156, fig. 41.
Kodera, Tsukasa. "Japan as Primitivistic Utopia: van Gogh's Japonisme Portraits." Simiolus: Netherlands quarterly for the history of art 14, no 3/4 (1984): 189-208, fig. 6.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 180, repro.
1988
Feilchenfeldt, Walter. Vincent van Gogh & Paul Cassirer, Berlin. Amsterdam, 1988: 94.
1989
Kodera, Tsukasa. Vincent van Gogh: Christianity versus Nature. Philadelphia, 1989: 64, repro.
1990
Uitert, Evert van, Louis van Tilborgh, and Sjraar van Heugten. Vincent van Gogh, Paintings. Translated by Martin Cleaver et al. Exh. cat. Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh, Amsterdam. Milan and Rome, 1990: 20, fig. 6.
1991
Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 239.
1992
National Gallery of Art, Washington. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 198, repro.
Sund, Judy. True to Temperament: van Gogh and French Naturalist Literature. Cambridge, 1992: 178, repro.
1993
Heijbroek, Jan Frederik. Kunst, kennis en commercie: de kunsthandelaar J.H. de Bois (1878-1946). Amsterdam, 1993: 195, repro.
1994
Walther, Ingo F., and Rainer Metzger. Vincent van Gogh: Sämtliche Gemälde. 2 vols. Cologne, 1994: 2:389, repro.
Gachet, Paul. Les 70 jours de van Gogh à Auvers : essai d'éphéméride dans le décor de l'époque (20 mai-30 juillet 1890), d'après les lettres, documents, souvenirs et déductions, Auvers-sur-Oise, 1959. Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône, 1994: 159, 318 (where dated around 25 June 1890), color repro XXVII.
1995
Sternheim, Thea. Tagebücher 1905-1927. Die Jahre mit Carl Sternhaim. Mainz, 1995: 25.
1997
Zemel, Carol. Van Gogh's Progress: Utopia, Modernity, and Late-Nineteenth-Century Art. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1997: 115-117, repro.
1999
Welsh-Ovcharov, Bogomila. Van Gogh: Provence and Auvers. New York, 1999: 110, repro.
Lumpkin, Libby, ed. The Bellagio Gallery of Fine Art: European and American Masters. Rev. ed. Las Vegas, 1999: 104, repro.
2000
Dorn, Roland. "The Arles Period: Symbolic Means, Decorative Ends," in Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits. Exh. cat. The Detroit Institute of Arts, 2000: repro. 143.
Sund, Judy. "Famine to Feast: Portrait Making at St.-Rémy and Auvers." in Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits. Exh. cat. Detroit Institute of Arts, 2000: 183-227.
Arlésienne : le mythe?. Exh. cat. Museon Arlaten, Arles, 2000: 178, repro. 43.
2001
Druick, Douglas, and Peter Kort Zegers. Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Studio of the South. Exh. cat. Art Institute of Chicago; Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. Chicago and New York, 2001: 126-128, repro.
Jirat-Wasiutyriski, Vojtech. "Van Gogh in the South." In Antimodernism and Artistic Experience. Lynda Jessup, ed. Toronto, 2001: 185, repro.
Childs, Elizabeth. "Seeking The Studio of the South: Vincent van Gogh, Gauguin, and Avant Guard Identity." In Vincent van Gogh and The Painters of The Petit Boulevard. Exh. cat. Saint Louis Art Museum, 2001: 120-134, repro.
2002
Stolwijk, Chris, and Han Veenenbos. The account book of Theo van Gogh and Jo van Gogh-Bonger. Amsterdam and Leiden, 2002: 52 (17/12), 127 (92/10), 149, 172 no. F 431 JH 1519.
2004
Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 368-369, no. 303, color repro.
2005
Ives, Colta, et al. Vincent van Gogh: The Drawings. Exh. cat. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. New Haven, 2005: 232, fig. 157.
2007
Thomson, Belinda. Van Gogh Paintings: The Masterpieces. London, 2007: 108, repro.
2009
Veen, Wouter van der. Van Gogh: A Literary Mind. Literature in the Correspondence of Vincent van Gogh. Zwolle and Amsterdam, 2009: 204, repro. 205.
Inscriptions
On stretcher: paper label: typed in two fonts, "The Metropolitan Museum of Art / Special Loan Exhibition of / Taste of Today in Masterpieces of Painting before 1900 / Title: Mlle. Gachet / Artist: Van Gogh / Owner: Mr. and Mrs. Chester Dale / Address: 35 East 76th Street"; torn paper label: typed in 2 fonts, "(top line missing) / International Loan Exhbition of the [...] / Artist: Van Gogh, Vincent / Title: Portrait of Mlle. Gachet / Lender's Name: Mr. Chester Dale / Lender's Address: 35 East 76th Street / New York City"; hexagonal paper label with decorative blue border: handwritten (cursive) in black ink, "Alph Kann / van Gogh / Fillette d'Arles"; torn paper label: handwritten, "1343 (brown ink) / 73 x 60½ (red ink) / Pholo (brown ink)"; severely damaged paper label: typed in black ink, "[Ber]nheim Jeune / Experts près la Cour d'Appel / 25, Boulevard de la Madeleine / [36, a]venue de l'Opera [...] 15, Rue [Richepanse] / 16771 (handwritten) / "femme" (handwritten fragment)"; paper label: typed in red and black ink, "Kunsthandel C.M. van Gogh / Keizersgrach[t] 953, Amsterdam"; severely damaged paper label: handwritten (cursive) in black ink, "van Gogh 8401"
Wikidata ID
Q948894