The Madonna of Humility
c. 1430
Painter, Florentine, c. 1395 - 1455


West Building Main Floor, Gallery 3
Artwork overview
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Medium
tempera on panel
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
painted surface: 60.7 x 45.2 cm (23 7/8 x 17 13/16 in.)
support: 62.8 x 47.2 cm (24 3/4 x 18 9/16 in.) -
Accession
1937.1.5
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
Anonymous collection or dealer, Italy; acquired in the late 19th century by Edward Steinkopff [1837-1906], Lydhurst, Waringlid, Haywards Heath, Sussex;[1] by inheritance to his daughter, Mary Margaret Steinkopff Stewart-Mackenzie [later Baroness Seaforth, d. 1933], Brahan Castle, Highland, Scotland. family of the barons of Castelmuro, by 1935;[2] (Robert Frank, Ltd., London);[3] (Rudolf Heinemann [Pinakos, Inc], Lugano) half share with (M. Knoedler & Co., New York and London); purchased 30 December 1936 by The A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, Pittsburgh;[4] gift 1937 to NGA.
[1] The date of Edward Steinkopff's death is given in the Knoedler prospectus, in NGA curatorial files. A sale of the collection of "the late Edward Steinkopff" took place on 26 February 1909 at Christie's in London. Steinkopff's daughter (and only child) was married in 1899 to James Alexander Francis Humberston Stewart-Mackenzie, who was created the 1st baron Seaforth in 1921 and who died in 1923.
[2] A photograph in the archives of the Museo di Castello Sforzesco in Milan (no. 2430 D; a print is also preserved in the photographic collection of the Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florence) shows the NGA painting repainted, probably after suffering a radical cleaning most likely having occurred at the time of the change in ownership in the mid-1930s. The photograph probably dates before 28 April 1936, when the director of the museum in Milan, Giorgio Nicodemi, wrote a letter (in NGA curatorial files), documenting the fact that the painting, which he hoped would be donated to the Castello Sforzesco, had already been shown to him. According to a note attached to the negative of the photograph in the photographic archive of the museum, the painting, owned by the family of the barons of Castelmuro, was at that time (1935) exhibited at the Museo Navale in Milan.
[3] See Knoedler stock book no. 8, p. 156 and Knoedler sales book no. 13, p. 366, M. Knoedler and Co. records, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (copies NGA curatorial files). According to a letter from R. Heinemann, Lugano, to C. Henschel of the firm M. Knoedler & Co., New York (copy in NGA curatorial files), the painting was shipped to New York on 29 April 1936.
[4] The date of purchase is given in the Mellon collection records, in NGA curatorial files.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1935
Museo Navale, Milan, 1935.
Bibliography
1937
Cortissoz, Royal. An Introduction to the Mellon Collection. Boston, 1937: repro. 2.
Frankfurter, Alfred M. "New Items in the Mellon Collection." Art News 35 (13 February, 1937): 10-11.
1941
Preliminary Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1941: 5, no. 5.
1942
Book of Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1942: 239, repro. 57.
1944
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. Masterpieces of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1944: 22, color repro.
1945
Grassi, Luigi. “Museo Nazionale di Washington.” Arti figurative 1, nos. 1-2 (1945): 233.
1949
Paintings and Sculpture from the Mellon Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1949 (reprinted 1953 and 1958): 15, repro.
1951
Einstein, Lewis. Looking at Italian Pictures in the National Gallery of Art. Washington, 1951: 33, repro. 31.
Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena after the Black Death. Princeton, 1951: 140 n. 32.
1952
Pope-Hennessy, John. Fra Angelico. London, 1952: 205, as Close to Zanobi Strozzi.
1957
Gómez-Moreno, Carmen. “A Reconstructed Panel by Fra Angelico and Some New Evidence for the Chronology of His Work.” The Art Bulletin 39, no. 3 (September 1957): 184, 192 n. 35.
1958
Salmi, Mario. Il Beato Angelico. Spoleto, 1958: 17, 102, pl. 22b.
1963
Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance. Florentine School. 2 vols. London, 1963: 1:15.
1964
Orlandi, Stefano. Beato Angelico. Florence, 1964: 38, as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1965
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 8.
1968
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 1, repro.
1970
Baldini, Umberto. L’opera completa dell’Angelico. Milan, 1970: 89, cat. 15, repro.
Huter, Carl. "Gentile da Fabriano and the Madonna of Humility." Arte veneta 24 (1970): 34 n. 6, as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1972
Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA, 1972: 9, 645.
1974
Pope-Hennessy, John. Fra Angelico. Ithaca, NY, 1974: 233, fig. 107, as by Zanobi Strozzi.
1975
European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 12, repro.
1977
Cole, Diane Elyse. "Fra Angelico: His Role in Quattrocento Painting and Problems of Chronology." Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1977: 562-564, cat. 107, repro., as tentatively by a follower of imitator of Fra Angelico.
1979
Shapley, Fern Rusk. Catalogue of the Italian Paintings. 2 vols. Washington, 1979: 1:13-14; 2:pl. 8, as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1982
Christiansen, Keith. Gentile da Fabriano. London, 1982: 38, 99, fig. 38, as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 86, no. 41, color repro.
Alce, Venturino. “Cataloghi e indici delle opere del Beato Angelico.” In Beato Angelico. Miscellanea di Studi. Rome, 1984: 354.
Fallani, Giovanni. Vita e opere di Fra Giovanni Angelico. Florence, 1984: 174.
1985
European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 19, repro.
1990
Boskovits, Miklós, and Serena Padovani. Early Italian Painting 1290-1470. The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection. London, 1990: 26, 27.
1991
Cadogan, Jean. Wadsworth Atheneum Paintings Catalogue. II. Italy and Spain: Fourteenth through Nineteenth Centuries. Hartford, CT, 1991: 44.
1992
De Marchi, Andrea. Gentile da Fabriano: Un viaggio nella pittura italiana alla fine del gotico. Milan, 1992: 191 n. 96, as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1993
Alce, Venturino. Angelicus pictor. Vita, opere e teologia del Beato Angelico. Bologna, 1993: 375.
1996
Spike, John T. Fra Angelico. New York, London, and Paris 1996: 265, cat. 142, repro., as Attributed to Fra Angelico.
1998
Bonsanti, Giorgio. Beato Angelico. Catalogo completo. Florence, 1998: 134, cat. 47.
2001
Kanter, Laurence. “An Annunciation by Fra Angelico.” In Clay Dean, ed. Rediscovering Fra Angelico: A Fragmentary History. Exh. cat. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, 2001: 34, fig. 14..
2003
Boskovits, Miklós, David Alan Brown, et al. Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century. The Systematic Catalogue of the National Gallery of Art. Washington, 2003: 9-13, color repro.
2005
Kanter, Laurence, and Pia Palladino. Fra Angelico. Exh. cat. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2005: 161, 164, fig. 90.
2006
Fahy, Everett. "Early Italian paintings in Washington and Philadelphia." The Burlington Magazine 148, no. 1241 (August 2006): 538.
Inscriptions
upper center in Virgin's halo: AVE MARIA GRATIA PLENA DO[MINVS TECVM] (Hail, Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee; from Luke 1:28)
Wikidata ID
Q20173476