The Maas at Dordrecht
c. 1650
Artist, Dutch, 1620 - 1691
Dordrecht, situated at the confluence of the Maas and the Merwede rivers, serves as a backdrop to this historical scene on the water. In July 1646, a large Dutch transport fleet carrying thirty thousand soldiers and their equipment gathered at Dordrecht in a show of force by the rebel northern provinces—fighting for independence from the Spanish crown—at the onset of the negotiations that would eventually result in the Peace of Münster in 1648. The lasting appeal of Cuyp’s masterful depiction derives from the extraordinary light effects that bring an early summer morning to life and from the dramatic sweep of clouds that enhances the massive scale of the painting.
Spectators jam the quays, bugles and drums sound fanfares, and a shipboard cannon fires a salute. The young officer standing in the small boat wearing a white-and-red sash—the colors of Dordrecht—is likely the person who commissioned Cuyp to paint this historic event. The officer and his brightly clad companion are greeted by a distinguished-looking gentleman and numerous other figures, including a drummer, on the larger vessel. Attempts to identify the blue-and-white flag on the stern of this ship have thus far been unsuccessful. A second rowboat, carrying other dignitaries and a trumpeter who signals their arrival, approaches from the left. Most of the ships have their sails raised as though they are about to depart, and fluttering flags suggest the presence of a nice breeze, yet the overall sense of the scene is one of great calm.

West Building Main Floor, Gallery 49
Artwork overview
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Medium
oil on canvas
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
overall: 114.9 x 170.2 cm (45 1/4 x 67 in.)
framed: 151.1 x 205.1 x 15.2 cm (59 1/2 x 80 3/4 x 6 in.) -
Accession
1940.2.1
More About this Artwork
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
Johan van der Linden van Slingeland [1701-1782], Dordrecht, by 1752.[1] (his estate sale, at his residence by J. Yver and A. Delfos, Dordrecht, 22 August 1785 and days following, no. 70); "Rens" or "Delfos."[2] (Alexis Delahante, London), c. 1804 to 1814; sold to Abraham Hume, Bart. [1749-1838], Wormley, Hertfordshire, by 1815;[3] by inheritance to his grandson, John Hume Cust, Viscount Alford, M. P. [1812-1851], Ashridge Park, Hertfordshire; by inheritance to his son, John William Spencer, 2nd earl Brownlow [1842-1867], Ashridge Park; by inheritance to his brother, Adelbert Wellington, 3rd earl Brownlow [1844-1921], Ashridge Park and London; (his estate sale, Christie, Manson & Woods London, 4 and 7 May 1923, no. 75); (Duveen Brothers, Inc., London, New York, and Paris);[4] by exchange 1940 to The A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, Pittsburgh; gift 1940 to NGA.
[1] Gerard Hoet, Catalogus of Naamlyst van Schilderijen..., 2 vols., The Hague, 1752, 2: 490. Van Slingeland's inventory describes two paintings as: "Twee stukken, zynde het Gezigt van de Stad Dordrecht tot het huys Merwerde met veele Jachten en Scheepen, zynde een Rendevous daar Prins Maurits van Orange in een Chaloup met eenige andere Prince van de Stad na het jagt wert gevoert tegens over welke Chaloup een andere is waarinne Oldenbarnevelt overend staande op Prince Maurits siet, na het Leven, door Albert Kuyp. ieder h. 43 d. br. 64 en een half d." ["Two pieces, being the view of the City of Dordrecht to the Huys Merwede with many yachts and ships, being a rendezvous there [of] Prince Maurits of Orange in a 'Chaloup' with several other Princes from the city brought over to the yacht across from this 'Chaloup' is another in which Oldenbarnevelt stands looking down on Prince Maurits, from life, by Aelbert Cuyp. each h. 43 d. w. 64 1/2 d."] The description and dimensions seem to identify these paintings as Cuyp's View on the Maas near Dordrecht at Waddesdon Manor and the Gallery's The Maas at Dordrecht. As Oldenbarnevelt was executed in 1619 and Prince Maurits had died in 1625, these identifications were clearly fanciful.
[2] A margin note in the NGA copy of the sale catalogue gives the buyer as Delfos (who was one of the auctioneers and also bought several other paintings in the sale), but a note in a copy at the British Museum Library gives the buyer as "Rens." Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century, trans. Edward G. Hawke, 8 vols., London, 1907-1927, 2: 17-18, no. 36, says lot 70, which he mistakenly believed to be the Waddesdon Manor painting (Stephen Reiss, Aelbert Cuyp, Boston, 1975: 145, no. 106), was sold to "Reus," and although the note in the copy of the catalogue in the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorisches Documentatie, The Hague, could be read as either "Reus" or "Rens," the one in the British Museum Library is not ambiguous.
[3] William Buchanan, Memoirs of Painting, 2 vols., London, 1824: 2:192. The dates for Delahante's ownership are from the Duveen prospectus for the painting, in NGA curatorial files. Hume lent the painting to an exhibition in 1815.
[4] Details about Duveen’s ownership of the painting (it was their inventory number 4870) can be traced in the Duveen Brothers Records, accession number 960015, Research Library, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles (copies in NGA curatorial files): reel 36, box 108, page from the Paris stockbook for May 1923; reel 45, box 133, folder 5; reel 66, box 186, page from the general stockbook where the painting is number 28069; reel 83, box 228, folders 10 and 11; reel 89, box 234, folder 18; reel 189, box 334, folder 2, correspondence about the "loan" of the painting to the Kaiser Friedrich Museum in 1931 and the possibility of it being exchanged for a work in the Berlin museum's collection.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1815
British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom, London, 1815, no. 67.[1]
1838
British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom,London, 1838, no. 37.
1867
British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom, London, 1867, no. 21.
1878
Nottingham Castle, 1878, no. 78.[2]
1892
Loan Collection of Pictures, The Corporation Art Gallery (Guildhall), London, 1892, no. 85.
1925
Loan Exhibition of Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1925, no. 3.
1926
Inaugural Exhibition, The Art Gallery of Toronto, 1926, no. 143.
1928
Exhibition of Art Treasures, The Grafton Galleries, London, 1928, no. 1424.
1929
Exhibition of Dutch Art 1450-1900, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 1929, no. 267.
1935
Cinq Siècles d'Art, Exposition universelle et internationale, Brussels, 1935, no. 714.
1936
Tentoonstelling van Oude Kunst, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 1936, no. 37.
1939
Rétrospective d'art, Exposition internationale, Liège, 1939, no. 54.
Loan Exhibition of Dutch Landscape Paintings. 20th Loan Exhibition of Old Masters, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1939, no. 7.
1990
Great Dutch Paintings from America, Mauritshuis, The Hague; The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1990-1991, no. 17, color repro., as Ships on the Maas River at Dordrecht.
2001
Aelbert Cuyp, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; The National Gallery, London; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 2001-2002, no. 28, repro.
2008
Pride of Place: Dutch Cityscapes of the Golden Age, Royal Picture House Mauritshuis, The Hague; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 2008-2009, no. 15, repro.
2018
Water, Wind, and Waves: Marine Paintings from the Dutch Golden Age, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 2018, unnumbered brochure, fig. 2
2021
In the Light of Cuyp: Aelbert Cuyp & Gainsborough – Constable – Turner, Dordrechts Museum, Dordrecht, 2021 - 2022, no. 21, repro.
Bibliography
1752
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1753
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1815
British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom. Catalogue of pictures by Rubens, Rembrandt, Vandyke, and other artists of the Flemish and Dutch Schools. Exh. cat. British Institution, London, 1815: 17, no. 67.
1822
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1824
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1829
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1854
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1867
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1880
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1884
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1891
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1892
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1906
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1907
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1913
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1925
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1926
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1928
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1929
Bauch, Kurt. "Ausstellung holländischer Kunst von 1450–1900 in London." Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst 63 (1929): 9-23.
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1930
Schneider, Hans. "Aelbert Cuyp: The Maas near Dordrecht." In Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collections. Wilhelm R. Valentiner, ed. London, 1930: n.p., pl. 57.
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1935
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1936
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1939
Lambotte, Paul. Les beaux-arts a l'exposition internationale de l'eau à Liège. Paris, 1939: 196, repro.
Detroit Institute of Arts. Loan Exhibition of Dutch Landscape Paintings. Exh. cat. Detroit Institute of Arts. Detroit, 1939: unpaginated, no. 7, repro.
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1941
Duveen Brothers. Duveen Pictures in Public Collections of America. New York, 1941: no. 209, repro.
National Gallery of Art. Preliminary Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture. Washington, 1941: 51, no. 501.
1942
Book of Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1942: 249, repro. 23.
1949
Paintings and Sculpture from the Mellon Collection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1949 (reprinted 1953 and 1958): 97, repro.
1952
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds., Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art. New York, 1952: 104, color repro.
1960
Baird, Thomas P. Dutch Painting in the National Gallery of Art. Ten Schools of Painting in the National Gallery of Art 7. Washington, 1960: 20, color repro.
1961
Reitlinger, Gerald. The Rise and Fall of Picture Prices 1760-1960. (Vol. 1 of The Economics of Taste). London, 1961: 204.
1963
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.. New York, 1963: 196, repro.
1965
National Gallery of Art. Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. Washington, 1965: 35.
1966
Stechow, Wolfgang. Dutch Landscape Painting of the Seventeenth Century. Kress Foundation Studies in the History of European Art 1. London, 1966: 119, fig. 237.
Cairns, Huntington, and John Walker, eds. A Pageant of Painting from the National Gallery of Art. 2 vols. New York, 1966: 1: 244, color repro.
1968
National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 29, repro.
1973
Bol, Laurens J. Die holländische Marinemalerei des 17. Jahrhunderts. Braunschweig, 1973: 268-269, fig. 271.
1975
Reiss, Stephen. Aelbert Cuyp. Boston, 1975: 143, no. 104, repro., 204, 212.
National Gallery of Art. European paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue. Washington, 1975: 90, repro.
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1975: 296-297, repro.
1976
Hoet, Gerard. Catalogus of naamlyst van schilderyen. 3 vols. Reprint of 1752 ed. with supplement by Pieter Terwesten, 1770. Soest, 1976: 2:490.
1977
Butlin, Martin, and Evelyn Joll. The Paintings of J. M. W. Turner. 2 vols. Studies in British Art. New Haven, 1977: 2:92.
1978
Reiss, Stephen. "The Old Guardhouse by Aelbert Cuyp." The Burlington Magazine 120 (February 1978): 88 n 12.
1979
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1982
Reitlinger, Gerald. The Economics of Taste: The Rise and Fall of Picture Prices, 1760–1960. 3 vols. Reprint. New York, 1982: 2:204.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 297, no. 392, color repro.
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1985
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1986
Sutton, Peter C. A Guide to Dutch Art in America. Washington and Grand Rapids, 1986: 306.
Ford, Terrence, compiler and ed. Inventory of Music Iconography, no. 1. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York 1986: 5, no. 124.
1990
Russell, Margarita. "Aelbert Cuyp. The Maas at Dordrecht: The Great Assembly of the Dutch Armed Forces, June–July 1646." Dutch Crossing 40 (1990): 31-82.
Broos, Ben P. J., ed. Great Dutch Paintings from America. Exh. cat. Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis, The Hague; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. The Hague and Zwolle, 1990: no. 17, 212-217, color repro. 212.
1991
Kopper, Philip. America's National Gallery of Art: A Gift to the Nation. New York, 1991: 156, 158, color repro.
1992
Chong, Alan. "Aelbert Cuyp and the Meanings of Landscape." Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 1992: 409, no. 161.
National Gallery of Art. National Gallery of Art, Washington. New York, 1992: 129, repro.
1995
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York, 1995: 793, fig. 19-52.
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Dutch Paintings of the Seventeenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, 1995: 36-43, color repro. 39.
2001
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Aelbert Cuyp. Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington; National Gallery, London; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Washington, 2001: no. 28, 146-149, 198-200, repro.
2002
Kloek, W. Th. Aelbert Cuyp: land, water, light. Rijksmuseum dossiers. Translated by Lynne Richards. Zwolle, 2002: 31, fig. 42.
Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta, ed. L'art flamand et hollandais: Belgique et Pays-Bas, 1520-1914. Paris, 2002: 213, 219, 225, fig. 190.
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr., and Anna Tummers. "Aelbert Cuyp peintre de l'Arcadie hollandaise." L'Estampille-L'Objet d'Art 367 (February 2002): 38, repro.
2003
Waagen, Gustav Friedrich. Treasures of Art in Great Britain. Translated by Elizabeth Rigby Eastlake. Facsimile edition of London 1854. London, 2003: 2:313, 316.
2004
Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 184-185, no. 145, color repro.
2005
Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Rev. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, 2005: 773, color fig. 19.60.
2008
Suchtelen, Ariane van, and Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr. Pride of Place: Dutch cityscapes of the Golden Age. Exh. cat. Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis, The Hague; National Gallery of Art, Washington. Zwolle, 2008: 102-105, 211, no. 15, repro.
2021
Enklaar, Marlies and Sander Paarlberg, ed. In the Light of Cuyp: Aelbert Cuyp & Gainsborough, Constable, Turner. Exh. cat. Dordrechts Museum 2021-2022. Dodrecht, 2021: 12, 20, 74-75, no. 21, 176-177, color frontispiece.
Inscriptions
on sideboard of ship in right foreground: A.cuyp
Wikidata ID
Q5822565