Provenance

Emperor Rudolf II of Austria?[1]; Secretarius Heinrich Hagen, Vienna, 1611.[2] Count Emanuel Maria Joseph von Arco, Munich, 1751.[3] Graf von Seinsheim, canon of Salzburg and Speyer, 1753. Master stonemason Rüpfel, Munich, c. 1830. Joseph Anton Niggl [1792 - 1842], Markt Tölz. Karl August von Brentano [1817 - 1896], Augsburg. (sale, Rudolph Weigel, 28 October 1861, no. 2220-a-d]; (Frederick Startridge Ellis [active 1860 - 1885], London; formerly identified as F. S. Eliot)[3]; Henry Huth [1815 - 1878], London; by descent to his son, Alfred Henry Huth [1850 - 1910], London; (sale, Sotheby's' London, 12 June 1913, no. 3722); (William Wesley & Son, London); Charles Francis George Richard Schwerdt, Old Alresford House, Hampshire (his sale, Sotheby's' London, 15 July 1946, no. 2216); (The Rosenbach Company, Philadelphia); Lessing J. Rosenwald, Jenkintown; given to Edith Goodkind Rosenwald, Jenkintown; gift to NGA, 1987.
[1] Although Van Mander claims the series was commissioned and purchased by Rudolf, this is impossible as dates scattered throughout volumes pre-date Hoefnagel's' contact with Rudolf. The series does not appear in Rudolf's' inventory, though he is likely to have owned it at one time as many copies from the volumes appear in his natural history collections, now in Vienna (see Bass 2020, 12).
[2] Vignau-Wilberg 2017, 98 without documentation.
[3]Wolfgang Wegner, Kurfurst Carl Theodor von der Pfalz als Kunstsammler, Mannheim, 1960: 13.
[4] Ellis was a book dealer who frequently sold to Huth and wrote the catalogue of Huth's' collection. He started his own business just a year before The Four Elements appeared at Weigel. Ellis is correctly identified by M. Bartels, "Ueber abnorme Behaarung beim Menschen," Zeitschrift fu¨r Ethnologie 11 (1879): 155, note 1.

Associated Names

Exhibition History

1982

Bibliography

1984

2017

2019

Inscriptions

upper center in red ink: NIHILI COAXATIO IN ACTIONE CO[N]SISTIT VIRTVS. (“Croaking over nothing (much ado about nothing). Virtue consists of action.”) (trans. Vignau-Wilberg 1994, 78; Bass 2019, 211)); center right in black ink: LIV.; animal in upper left of image numbered .1., in red ink; other animals in image numbered .3., .4., .5., and .6., in (gold?); lower center in black ink: Cupiens aequare bibendo / Rana bonem, rupta numq[uam] bibit amplius alvo. (“A frog, desiring to match an ox in a drinking contest, so utterly burst his own belly that he never drank again.” Palingenius Stellatus, Zodiacus, 213 (Virgo, lines 579-80) (trans. Bass 2019, 211)
Facing page: upper center in brown ink: Qui facit magna et Inco[m]prehensibilia , et / mirabilia, quorum non est numerus.Job:9. (“Who does great and incomprehensible things and wonders without number.” Job 9:10) (Latin Vulgate Bible); lower center in brown ink: Ecce venenosus, serpendo sibilat Anguis. / Garrula limosis Rana coaxat aquis.

Wikidata ID

Q64590881