Black Hawk and Five Other Saukie Prisoners
1861/1869
Artist, American, 1796 - 1872
During the mid-19th century, George Catlin created two large collections of paintings featuring portraits of Native Americans, genre scenes, and western landscapes. The first collection, which he called his "Indian Gallery," included more than 500 works completed during the 1830s. Most of the surviving paintings from this group are now at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, DC. During the 1850s and 1860s, Catlin created a second collection, numbering more than 600 works, which he called his "Cartoon Collection." The surviving works from this collection were acquired by the American Museum of Natural History in New York in 1912. Paul Mellon purchased more than 300 paintings from the Cartoon Collection when they were deaccessioned. In 1965, he gave 351 works from this collection to the National Gallery of Art.
When Catlin exhibited the Cartoon Collection in New York in 1871, he published a catalog listing all the works. The catalog entries often included additional information about the subject of each painting. Catlin's catalog entry for this painting follows.
"Cart. No. 14. Saukíe.
a. -- Muk-a-tá-mish-o-ká-kaik (The Black Hawk); war chief of the tribe, made celebrated by the 'Black Hawk war' which he got up and waged on the United States frontier in 1831 and 1832.
b. -- Na-se-ús-kuk (The Whirling Thunder).
c. -- Wa-saw-me-saw (The Roaring Thunder); the two sons of Black Hawk, distinguished warriors, and taken prisoners with him at the close of the war.
d. -- Pam-a-hó (The Swimmer).
e. -- Na-pópe (Soup).
f. -- Wa-pe-kée-suck (The White Cloud), (called also 'the Prophet'); Three warriors made prisoners with the Black Hawk. The chief and his five warriors were painted during their imprisonment in Jefferson Barracks with cannon balls attached to their ankles. 1831."
Artwork overview
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Medium
oil on card mounted on paperboard
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Credit Line
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Dimensions
overall: 47.3 x 63.3 cm (18 5/8 x 24 15/16 in.)
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Accession
1965.16.95
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
George Catlin [1796-1872]; by descent to his daughters, Clara Gregory Catlin, Louise Catlin Kinney, and Elizabeth Wing Catlin; purchased 1912 from Elizabeth Wing Catlin by the American Museum of Natural History; sold 1959 through (Kennedy Galleries, New York) to Mr. Paul Mellon, Upperville, VA; gift 1965 to the NGA.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1968
Loan for display with permanent collection, Phoenix Art Museum, 1968-1969.
1970
Exhibition of George Catlin Paintings, Allentown Art Museum, Pennsylvania, 1970.
1978
Blackhawk and Keokuk, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1978-1979.
1982
Extended loan for use by The White House, Washington, D.C., 1982.
1985
George Catlin: Pioneer Painter of the North American Indian, Montclair Art Museum, New Jersey, 1985-1986.
1989
A Gallery Revived: North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin, Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming, 1989.
1990
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington, 1990-1991.
1992
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Palm Springs Desert Museum, 1992-1993.
1993
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Boise Art Museum, Idaho, 1993.
1994
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Hofstra Museum, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 1994.
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), West Bend Gallery of Fine Arts, Wisconsin, 1994.
1995
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Lore Degenstein Gallery, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, 1995.
North American Indian Paintings by George Catlin (NGA National Lending Service exhibition), Payne Gallery, Moravian College, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1995, unnumbered brochure.
Bibliography
1970
American Paintings and Sculpture: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1970: 30.
1980
American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1980: 42, repro.
1992
American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 48, repro.
Wikidata ID
Q20188449