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Edgar Degas

Horse Balking (Horse Clearing an Obstacle), late 1880s

West Building, Ground Floor - Gallery 4

Medium

pigmented beeswax, metal armature, cork, on wooden base

Dimensions

overall without base: 30.5 x 20.2 x 41 cm (12 x 7 15/16 x 16 1/8 in.)

Credit Line

Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon

Accession Number

1999.80.27

Artists / Makers

Edgar Degas (sculptor) French, 1834 - 1917

Image Use

This image is in the public domain.
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Provenance

The artist [1834-1917]; his heirs;[1] Adrien-Aurélien Hébrard [1865-1937], Paris;[2] his daughter, Nelly Hébrard [1904-1985], Paris;[3] consigned 1955 to (M. Knoedler & Company, Inc., New York); purchased May 1956 by Paul Mellon, Upperville, Virginia; bequest 1999 to NGA.

[1] The artist's heirs were René De Gas, his last surviving brother, who lived in Paris, and the four (of seven) surviving children of his sister Marguerite, who had died in Argentina in 1895. (His other deceased sister Thérèse left no descendants.) Marguerite's children were: Jeanne Fevre, unmarried and acting on both her own behalf and as the representative of her sister, Madeleine Marie Pauline Fevre, a Carmelite nun; Henri Jean Auguste Marie Fevre, an industrialist who lived in Marseille; and Gabriel Edgar Eugène Fevre, an agent in Montevideo, Uruguay. See Anne Pingeot and Frank Horvat, Degas sculptures, Paris, 1991, and Anne Pingeot, "The casting of Degas' sculptures: Completing the story," Apollo (August 1995): 60-63.

[2] On 13 May 1918 a contract was signed between the artist's heirs and the Hébrard foundry authorizing the reproduction of Degas' sculptures in bronze. Of the approximately 150 statuettes found in the artist's studio after his death, 74 figures were ultimately cast in bronze. The contract stipulated that two complete sets were to be cast, one for the heirs and one for the foundry, and authorized a limit of twenty casts of each figure to be offered for sale. The casting process took at least thirteen years, from 1919 to 1932, and according to the contract, the original figures became the property of the foundry. See Sara Campbell, "Degas' bronzes: Introduction," Apollo (August 1995): 6-10.

[3] The article by Anne Pingeot referenced in note 1 provides details of the role of Hébrard's daughter in the history of the foundry, and its work in casting the bronzes.

Associated Names

Degas, Edgar
Hébrard, Adrien-Aurélien
Hébrard, Nelly
Knoedler & Company, M.
Mellon, Paul

Exhibition History

1955: Edgar Degas 1834-1917: Original Wax Sculptures, M. Knoedler & Company, Inc., New York, 1955, no. 9, repro., as Horse Clearing an Obstacle.

1956: Sculpture by Degas, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, 1956.

1991: Art for the Nation: Gifts in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1991, unnumbered catalogue, repro.

1998: Degas at the Races, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1998, no. 118, repro.

Bibliography

1949: Borel, Pierre. Les Sculptures inédites de Degas. Geneva, 1949: 9, repro.

1956: Rewald, John. Degas Sculpture: The Complete Works. Translated by John Coleman and Noel Moulton. New York, 1956: no. IX.

1976: Millard, Charles W. The Sculpture of Edgar Degas. Princeton, 1976: 21, 23, 59, 100-102, fig. 66.

1986: McCarty, John. "A Sculptor's Thoughts on the Degas Waxes." In Essays in Honor of Paul Mellon, Collector and Benefactor, edited by John W. Wilmerding, 217-225. Washington, D.C., 1986: 219, 220, repro. (radiograph).

1991: Pingeot, Anne. Degas Sculptures. Paris, 1991: no. 43, repro.

1995: Campbell, Sara. "A Catalogue of Degas' Bronzes." Apollo 142 (August 1995): 34, no. 48.

2002: Czestochowski, Joseph S., and Anne Pingeot. Degas--Sculptures. Catalogue Raisonné of the Bronzes. Memphis, 2002: 215, repro.

2010: Lindsay, Suzanne Glover, Daphne S. Barbour, and Shelley G. Sturman. Edgar Degas Sculpture. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 2010: no. 11, 96-99, color repro.

2022: Conservation Division's Fiftieth Anniversary Committee. "Innovation and Collaboration: Fifty Years of Conservation at the National Gallery." Art for the Nation no. 66 (Fall 2022): 10-11, fig.12-13.