The collection of 19th-century European sculpture at the National Gallery of Art represents the major movements of the period, from neoclassicism to British arts and crafts to neo-Renaissance portrait medallions and figures. Many entries in this publication go beyond traditional art-historical concerns to address such issues as critical reception, broad cultural function, and the art market. The collection of 19th-century French sculpture at the National Gallery of Art stands out both in number (more than 150 works) and importance, with two marbles by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux once owned by Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie, three primitive works by Paul Gauguin, and 37 works by Auguste Rodin. This systematic catalogue includes correspondence between collector Kate Simpson and Rodin, as well as collector (and Gallery founding benefactor) Lessing Julius Rosenwald’s archives relating to 50 Honoré Daumier bronzes. Entries include a brief biography and selected bibliography for each sculptor.