Alpine Mastiffs Reanimating a Distressed Traveler
1820
Painter, British, 1802 - 1873

Edwin Landseer was only 18 when he painted this powerful work showing a rescue in the Great Saint Bernard Pass in the Alps. Two dogs have found an unconscious man partially buried by snow. They work to uncover him and alert monks in the background, who are already rushing to his aid.
Augustinian monks had established a hospice (shelter) in the pass to help anyone in need of housing or medical attention. The large dogs they bred, which were famous for finding and rescuing travelers, are the ancestors of the Saint Bernards we know today.

West Building Main Floor, Gallery 61
Artwork overview
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Medium
oil on canvas
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
overall: 189 × 237 cm (74 7/16 × 93 5/16 in.)
framed: 219.71 × 267.65 × 15.88 cm (86 1/2 × 105 3/8 × 6 1/4 in.)
framed weight: 81.647 kg (180 lb.) -
Accession
2019.120.1
More About this Artwork

Sir Edwin Landseer, The Connoisseurs: Portrait of the Artist with two Dogs, before Jun 1865, oil on canvas, Royal Collection Trust/© His Majesty King Charles III 2022
Article: Who Is Sir Edwin Landseer? 10 Things to Know
A look at the prodigy who became so famous for his paintings of animals that a dog breed was named after him.
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
Purchased 1820 from the artist by Jesse Watts Russell [1786-1875], Ilam Hall, Staffordshire;[1] (his estate sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 3 July 1875, no. 29, as St. Bernard Dogs); (Thomas Agnew & Sons, Ltd., London);[2] sold 8 July 1875 to Richard Peacock [1820-1889], Gorton Hall, near Manchester;[3] (his estate sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 4 May 1889, no. 65, as Alpine Mastiffs, not sold);[4] Richard Peacock estate; (sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 26 March 1892, no. 118, as Alpine Mastiffs); Anderson;[5] Richard Peacock's son, Col. Ralph Peacock [1838-1928]; (his estate sale, Knight, Frank and Rutley, London, 31 October 1928, no. 67). (Wildenstein & Co., New York).[6] Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge [1882-1973], New Jersey;[7] (her estate sale, Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, 5 December 1975, no. 54); Jonathan "Jack" Westervelt Warner [1917-2017], Tuscaloosa, Alabama; (sale, Sotheby's, New York, 4 June 1993, no. 61). private collection, Mexico City. (sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 7 December 2017, no. 36); (The Matthiesen Gallery, London); purchased November 2019 by NGA.
[1] "Article XXV. List of Pictures sold at the British Institution in the Exhibition of 1820, with the Names of the Purchasers etc. up to the 14th of April." Annals of the Fine Arts 5, no. 16 (1820): 221.
[2] At this point in the provenance the 1975 Sotheby Parke Bernet sale catalogue lists Samuel Addington (1806-1886) as the owner of the painting, by 1880. Addington was a wealthy British wool merchant, and his art and manuscript collections were dispersed at several sales both before and after his death. The 1975 catalogue says the painting was lot number 83 in the Addington estate sale of 22 May 1886. However, the size given in the 1886 sale catalogue was 18 x 24 inches, and the work was described as from the Gillott Collection, neither of which details match the NGA painting.
[3] The painting was Agnew stock number 9621. See Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd. Archive, reference number NGA27, Research Centre, National Gallery, London: Agnew Picture Stock Book, 1874-1879, reference NGA27/1/1/5, p. 55, available on-line: https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/research/research-centre/agnews-stock-books/reference-nga27115-1874-79, accessed 7 November 2019, copy in NGA curatorial files.
[4] The copy of the sale catalogue available in the Knoedler Library Auction Catalogues on Microfiche is annotated "not sold." This information was kindly confirmed by Lynda McLeod, Christie's Archives Associate Director and Librarian, in her e-mail of 15 November 2019, in NGA curatorial files. The reserve price was 2,000 guineas, and bidding only reached 1,850 guineas.
[5] A copy of the sale catalogue in the NGA Library is annotated with this name as the buyer.
[6] The Wildenstein name first appears connected to the painting in the catalogue of the 1975 Geraldine Dodge estate sale. Joseph Baillio of Wildenstein kindly checked the company's accessible archives, but found no record of the painting (see his e-mail of 27 January 2020, in NGA curatorial files).
[7] It has not yet been determined when and from where Mrs. Dodge acquired the painting (her full name was Ethel Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge). It is possible there is mention of the acquisition in her diaries and scrapbooks, which are in the William Rockefeller family papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Sleepy Hollow, New York (https://rockarch.org/). For an account of Mrs. Dodge's collecting, see Barbara J. Mitnick, Geraldine Rockefeller Dodge, Morristown, New Jersey, 2000: 96-104, 136 nn. 1-14.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1820
British Institution, London, 1820, no. 277.
1842
Exhibition of Modern Works of Art, Birmingham Society of Artists, 1842, no. 250. [1]
1857
Art Treasures of the United Kingdom: Paintings by Modern Masters, Art Treasures Palace, Manchester, 1857, no. 391, as The Dogs of St. Bernard.
1981
Sir Edwin Landseer, Philadelphia Museum of Art; Tate Gallery, London, 1981-1982, no. 13, repro.
Bibliography
1820
"Article XIII. Exhibition of the Works of British Artists placed in the Gallery of the British Institution, Pall Mall, for exhibition and sale; Article XXV. List of Pictures sold at the British Institution in the Exhibition of 1820, with the Names of the Purchasers etc. up to the 14th of April." Annals of the Fine Arts 5, no. 16 (1820): 153, 221.
1831
Landseer, John. Some Account of the Dogs and of the Pass of the Great Saint Bernard; Intended to Accompany an Engraving after a Picture by Edwin Landseer, R.A. Elect, (In the Collection of Jesse Watts Russell, Esq.) of Alpine Mastiffs Extricating an Overwhelmed Traveller from the Snow. London, 1831.
1869
Stephens, Frederic George. The Early Works of Sir Edwin Landseer. London, 1869: 39.
1874
Stephens, Frederic George. Memoirs of Sir Edwin Landseer: A Sketch of the Life of the Artist. London, 1874: 59-60, 161, 167, 175.
Mann, Caleb Scholefield. The Works of Sir E. Landseer. 4 vols. Unpublished manuscript, National Art Library (Great Britain), London, MSL/1937/1313-1316, 1874-1877: 2:31.
1875
Graves, Algernon. Catalogue of the Works of the late Sir Edwin Landseer, R.A.. London, 1875: 6, no. 42.
1879
Monkhouse, William Cosmo. The Works of Edwin Landseer. 2 vols. London, 1879: 2:38-39, 43 fig. 30 (sketch for the painting)..
1902
Manson, James A. Sir Edwin Landseer R.A. London, 1902: 38, 41-42, 44, 203, 207.
1932
Grierson, Herbert J.C. The Letters of Sir Walter Scott. 12 vols. London, 1932-1937: 6:286.
1934
Grierson, Herbert J.C., ed. The Letters of Sir Walter Scott, 1819-1821. Vol. 6 of 12. London, 1934: 286.
1976
Lennie, Campbell. Landseer: The Victorian Paragon. London, 1976: 24-25, 38, 112.
2006
Wynn, M.B. The History of the Mastiff. Cookhill, 2006: n.p.
2007
Donald, Diana. Picturing Animals in Britain, 1750-1850. New Haven and London, 2007: 132-133, 333 nn. 34-36.
Inscriptions
center, on the red blanket: S.T.B; reverse, on the original canvas: Edn Landseer / Painted 1820[1]
Wikidata ID
Q108686609