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Honoré Daumier

Fugitives (Emigrants), model c. 1850/1852, cast 1893

West Building, Ground Floor — Gallery G8

Medium

bronze

Dimensions

overall (with border): 37.2 x 76.2 x 6.8 cm (14 5/8 x 30 x 2 11/16 in.)
overall (without border): 33 x 72.1 x 6.8 cm (13 x 28 3/8 x 2 11/16 in.)
base: 43.2 x 82.6 cm (17 x 32 1/2 in.)

Credit Line

Rosenwald Collection

Accession Number

1943.3.25

Artists / Makers

Honoré Daumier (artist) French, 1808 - 1879

Image Use

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Inscription

incised probably in the foundry model and heightened after casting, at lower right corner: h. Daumier; cold-stamped at lower right, the Siot-Decauville cachet: SIOT-DECAUVILLE/FONDEUR/PARIS; at left, cold-stamped and encircled, by direct incision: 2

Marks and Labels

FM: Siot-Decauville

Provenance

Sold 1893 to Paul Bureau [1874-1915], Paris; (his estate sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, 20 May 1927, no. 124); purchased at that sale by "Uhde" [possibly Wilhelm Uhde, d. 1947].[1] (Galerie Thannhauser, Lucerne);[2] Paul and Mildred H. Lamb, Cleveland Heights and later Shaker Heights, Ohio, by 1933;[3] (her sale, Parke-Bernet Galleries, Inc., New York, 11-12 December 1941, no. 52);[3] purchased by (Jean Goriany, New York) for Lessing Julius Rosenwald, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania;[4] gift 1943 to NGA.

[1] Identified as the buyer of Emigrants in an annotated copy of the catalogue: Collection Paul Bureau. Première Vente, 20 May 1927, 91, no. 124, repro. (in NGA library), and in a report on the sale in La Gazette de l'hôtel Drouot (36e année, no. 59, 21 May 1927). Wilhelm Uhde (1874-1947) was a German-born collector, dealer, critic, and historian who resided in Paris for most of his career and wrote extensively on late nineteenth-century French painting. Contrary to Maurice Gobin, Daumier Sculpteur. 1808-1879, Geneva, 1952: 309, who claims Bureau owned cast no. 1, Bureau's auction catalogue specifies no. 2. Furthermore, the Bureau family tradition holds that the Rosenwald cast belonged to their family (unsigned handwritten memorandum to the file, in the hand of Douglas Lewis, documenting a visit on 9 August 1978, of Jean-Marie Brouard of Paris, whose maternal grandfather was allegedly Paul Bureau; in NGA curatorial files).

[2] Century of Progress. Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, Exh. cat. Art Institute of Chicago, 1934: no. 183. The identifying edition number is given in Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition, Exh. cat., Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936: no. 264.

[3] Lenders of this work to a local exhibition by the month of June and then to the Cleveland Museum of Art.

[4] Modern French and American Art. Property of Mildred H. Lamb, Shaker Heights, Ohio, Parke-Bernet Galleries, Inc., New York, 11-12 December 1941, no. 52, repro.

[5] Jean Goriany, letter of 27 November 1941, to Elizabeth Mongan; and invoice of 31 December 1941, to Alverthorpe Gallery, Jenkintown, Pennsylvania (in Rosenwald Papers, NGA Archives, Box 18).

Associated Names

Bureau, Paul
Galerie Georges Petit
Goriany, Jean
Lamb, Paul and Mildred H.
Parke-Bernet Galleries, Inc.
Rosenwald, Lessing Julius
Thannhauser, Justin K.
Uhde, Wilhelm

Exhibition History

1933: Loan for display with permanent collection, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1933.

1933: Modern Sculpture, The Arts Club of Chicago, 1933, no. 10.

1934: A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, Art Institute of Chicago, 1934, no. 183.

1936: The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Official Art Exhibition of the Great Lakes Exposition, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936, no. 264.

1958: Honoré Daumier, Anniversary Exhibition, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1958, no. 23, repro.

1958: Honoré Daumier: Exhibition of Prints, Drawings, Watercolors, Paintings, and Sculpture, Los Angeles County Museum, 1958, no. 240, repro.

1960: Honoré Daumier, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1960, no cat.

1961: Daumier. An Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture, Prints, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts, 1961, no. 24.

1969: Daumier Sculpture: A Critical and Comparative Study, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1969, no. 39b, repro., as Les Emigrants.

1974: Nineteenth-Century Sculpture, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1974, unnumbered checklist.

Bibliography

1952: Gobin, Maurice. Daumier Sculpteur, 1808-1879. Geneva, 1952: no. 65.

1965: Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 152.

1968: National Gallery of Art. European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. Washington, 1968: 133, repro.

1994: Sculpture: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1994: 58, repro.

2000: Butler, Ruth, and Suzanne Glover Lindsay, with Alison Luchs, Douglas Lewis, Cynthia J. Mills, and Jeffrey Weidman. European Sculpture of the Nineteenth Century. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 2000: 198-203, color repro.