The Westwood Children
c. 1807
Painter, American, born c. 1763, active 1796 - 1824

Wearing nearly matching outfits, Henry, George, and John Westwood look out from the canvas. The brothers all have fair, wispy hair and delicate facial features. They touch one another tenderly, and each carries something from the outdoors, which we can see through the window.
Joshua Johnson uses vibrant color to bring the painting to life. The red and pink flowers, and even the dog’s gums, contrast with the brothers’ fashionable green suits. The earliest known professional Black artist in the United States, Johnson earned many commissions to paint his fellow Baltimore residents.
Information on this painting can be found in the Gallery publication American Naive Paintings, pages 232-233, which is available as a free PDF.

West Building Main Floor, Gallery 63
Artwork overview
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Medium
oil on canvas
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Credit Line
-
Dimensions
overall: 104.5 x 117 cm (41 1/8 x 46 1/16 in.)
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Accession
1959.11.1
Artwork history & notes
Provenance
George Washington Westwood (the youngest child in the portrait), Baltimore; to his grand-niece, Grace Geddess Davis; to her sons, George Harvey Davis and Howard G. Davis, Baltimore; by whom sold 1955 to Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch; gift to NGA, 1959.
Associated Names
Exhibition History
1948
An Exhibition of Portraits by Joshua Johnson, The Peale Museum, Baltimore, 1948, no. 14, (cat. by J. Hall Pleasants).
1957
American Primitive Paintings from the Collection of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch, Part II, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1957, no. 30.
1958
The Charm of Youth, traveling exhibition organized by the American Federation of Arts, New York, 1958, no cat. known.
1960
American Painters of the South, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, 1960, no. 47.
1962
Exhibition of Early American Art, Academy of the Arts, Talbot County Historical Society, Easton, Maryland, 1962, no. 33.
1967
Ten Afro-American Artists of the 19th Century, Howard University, Washington, 1967, 10, (cat. by James A. Porter).
1970
Dimensions of Black, La Jolla Museum of Art, California, 1970, no. 163.
1971
Twenty-five Folk Artists: Their Lives and Work, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1971, no cat.
1973
American Primitive Paintings from the National Gallery of Art, Holland Union, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1973, exhibition guide (copy not located).
1975
The World of Franklin and Jefferson, traveling exhibition circulated by the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, 6 venues (Paris, Warsaw, London, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles), 1975-1977, not included in cat.
1978
The American Folk Art Tradition: Paintings from the Garbisch Collection, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1978.
1981
American Naive Paintings from the National Gallery of Art, Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Illinois, 1981-1982, no. 10, color repro. (cat. by Ronald McKnight Melvin).
1985
American Naive Paintings from the National Gallery of Art, traveling exh. by the International Exhibitions Foundation, Washington, 1985-1987, no. 41, color repro., detail p. 25. First venue: Museum of American Folk Art, New York.
1987
Joshua Johnson: Freeman and Early American Portrait Painter, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore; Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center, Williamsburg, 1987-1988, no. 45, color repro. (not shown at two Whitney Museum venues, NY and Stamford, CT).
1988
La Nascita di Una Nazione: Pittori americani dalla National Gallery of Art di Washington 1730-1880, Palazzo Pepoli Campogrande, Bologna; Galleria Internazionale d'Arte Moderna di Ca'Pesaro, Venice, 1988-1989, no. 41, repro.
Bibliography
1970
American Paintings and Sculpture: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1970: 74, repro.
1976
Wilmerding, John. American Art. Hammondsworth, England, and New York, 1976: 53, 292, color pl. 53.
1978
King, Marian. Adventures in Art: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. New York, 1978: 94, pl. 57.
1980
Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1980: 10, no. 10, color repro.
American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1980: 185, repro.
1984
Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev. ed. New York, 1984: 543, no. 819, color repro.
1985
Rubin, Cynthia Elyce. Southern Folk Art. Birmingham, Alabama, 1985: color repro. 54.
1988
Wilmerding, John. American Masterpieces from the National Gallery of Art. Rev. ed. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1988: 68, no. 11, color repro.
1992
Chotner, Deborah, with contributions by Julie Aronson, Sarah D. Cash, and Laurie Weitzenkorn. American Naive Paintings. The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C., 1992: 232-233, color repro. 233.
American Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1992: 214, repro.
2004
Hand, John Oliver. National Gallery of Art: Master Paintings from the Collection. Washington and New York, 2004: 301, no. 243, color repro.
2013
Smith, Roberta. "Curator, Tear Down These Walls." New York Times 162, no. 56,036 (February 3, 2013): AR-23, color repro.
2021
Fulco, Daniel. "Joshua Johnson: Pioneer of American Portraiture." Joshua Johnson: Portraitist of Early American Baltimore. Hagerstown, MD, 2021: 25, fig. 12.
2023
Ramos, Carmen E. "Collecting for the Nation." _Art for the Nation_no. 67 (Fall 2023): 11, fig. 12.
Wikidata ID
Q20182272