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Copyright © 2025 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington. All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law, and except by reviewers from the public press), without written permission from the publisher.
Editorial Board
Daphne Barbour, acting head of objects conservation
Julia M. Burke, head of textile conservation
Sarah Durkee, senior advisor, collections, exhibitions, and programs
Martin Franzini, head of digital product and experience
Amy Hughes, paper conservator (former)
Noel Kassewitz, editorial board assistant
Peter Lukehart, interim dean, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts
Christopher Maines, senior conservation scientist
Mary Morton, curator and head of French paintings
Laura Panadero, photograph conservator
Elizabeth Walmsley, senior paintings conservator
Published by the National Gallery of Art
Editing by Sheila Berg
Proofreading by Ian Fry
Rights clearance by Emily Koller-Apelskog
Chief Brand Officer and Publisher: Peggy Martin
Managing Editor: Emily Zoss
Project Editor: Lisa Shea
Art Director: Tracy Kompelien
Production Manager: Christina Wiginton
Production Associate: Jasmine Lee
ISSN (print): 2327-2023
ISSN (online): 3070-2402
Image Credits
Reflections on the Suger Chalice: New Observations and Technical Analysis
Figs. 7, 8, 18: Bibliothèque nationale de France; fig. 9: National Gallery of Art Library; figs. 10, 16, 17a, 20, 22: Dylan Smith; figs. 12, 13, 17b: © RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY
Figs. 2, 4, 8: © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence; fig. 3: © RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY; fig. 6: Instituto Centrale per la Grafica, Rome; fig. 7: The Morgan Library & Museum, New York; fig. 10: Bibliothèque nationale de France
Fig. 5: © The Washington Post, Times Herald (1959–1973); figs. 11, 12: The Norton Simon Foundation; fig. 14: Sue Anne Chui; fig. 16: The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles; fig. 17: The Menil Collection, Houston. Photo by James Craven
Figs. 2–8: Kurt Heumiller
Figs. 1, 3, 6, 8, 12–14, 15 (individual photographs), 16, 17: © James Van Der Zee Archive, The Metropolitan Museum of Art; fig. 18: Laura Panadero
Pigment Alteration and Color Change
Fig. 1: Firenze, Museo Nazionale del Bargello. By permission of the Italian Ministry of Culture—Photographic Department of the Uffizi Galleries; figs. 3, 15: Barbara Berrie; fig. 4: National Gallery of Art Library; fig. 6: Courtesy Letizia Monico; fig. 10: Photo by David Hradil